人工纳米材料吸附放射性核素的机理研究

人工纳米材料因其优异的理化性能以及独特的微观结构,被广泛应用于航空航天、放射医疗、建筑、农业等多个领域,尤其在放射性环境污染治理方面有着巨大的应用价值和潜力。通过综述人工纳米材料对废水中的放射性核素U(Ⅵ)、Eu(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)等]富集、去除等方面的研究,系统讨论吸附行为和作用机理,借助吸附动力学、吸附热力学、光谱分析技术、表面络合模型和理论计算等方法,对纳米材料吸附放射性核素机理进行了深入分析,表明纳米材料对放射性核素具有强吸附能力而在放射性废水处理领域有着良好的应用前景,认为在科学研究和实际应用过程中,还需开展更多的研究工作,重点应放在低成本、高选择性的功能性纳米材料的绿色环保制备和应用。通过对前期研究结果的总结,期望能对放射性废物处理以及人工纳米材料应用等研究提供一些帮助。

Research on sorption mechanism of radionuclides by manufactured nanomaterials

Manufactured nanomaterials have attracted multidisciplinary interest because of their special unique microstructures and excep-tional physicochemical properties. The nanomaterials have been applied in many areas such as aerospace, medical radiology, construction, agriculture and environmental pollution remediation, especially in radioactive waste management. This review summarizes the manufactured nanomaterials and their applications in the efficient removal of radionuclidessuch as U(Ⅵ), Eu(Ⅲ), Co(Ⅱ)] from wastewater, and the main interaction mechanism are discussed from the results of kinetics analysis, thermodynamic analysis, spectroscopic techniques, surface complexation models and theoretical calculations. The high sorption of radionuclides on nanomaterials is mainly attributed to the high sur-face area and large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, which can form strong surface complexes with radionuclides on solid particles. The sorption is mainly attributed to outer-sphere surface complexation at low pH, and dominated by inner-sphere surface com-plexation or(co)precipitation at high pH, which is also evidenced from the DFT calculations. The nanomaterials are suitable materials for the elimination of radionuclides from wastewater. However, it is necessary to carry out more research works focusing on the development of low cost, high selective and more environmental friendly functional nanomaterials in scientific interests and practical applications in future.