中国对虾“黄海1号”选育群体与野生群体的形态特征比较

对中国对虾（Fenneropenaeus chinensis）“黄海1号”人工选育群体和野生群体进行11项形态性状的测定,采用方差分析和2种多元统计分析方法,比较2个群体的外部形态特征.方差分析和t检验结果表明,2个群体在部分形态特征上表现出明显差异,主要反映在选育对虾的腹节1及腹节总长度增加,但头胸甲及腹节1的宽度降低.主成分分析构建了4个主成分,其累积贡献率分别为：主成分1为18.14%,主成分2为15.09%,主成分3为11.09%,主成分4为9.53%,累积贡献率为53.85%.分析结果显示,2个群体在横向体型因子方面差异最明显,结果与显著性检验的结论基本一致.判别分析显示,2个对虾群体的形态差异显著（P＜0.0001）.建立了2个群体的判别函数,其判别准确率P1为62%～75%,P2为55.4%～79.8%,综合判别率为70.67%,可以认为逐步判别法对于中国对虾不同群体的初步鉴定是可行的.选育群体的判别准确率（75%）相对较高,从而从形态学方面体现了选择育种的效果.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：384-388]

The comparison of morphological characteristics in selected new variety "Huanghai No. 1" and the wild population of shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

The selected fast-growth population of shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis had been examined and approved by China National Aquaculture Variety Approval Committee as a new variety for aquaculture and named as "Huanghai No.1" in 2004.Researches have been carried out to study the variance of genetic diversity of the new variety,however,no elaborate analysis of morphologic characters of the new variety was conducted.This paper presents results of studies on the comparison of morphologic characters in the wild and selected "Huanghai No.1" populations of shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis base on 11 morphological characters using the method of statistics,including ANOVA analysis and two types of multivariation analyses.ANOVA analysis and t-test indicated that different populations showed some morphological variations,which reflected by the longer length of the 3st,5st,6st and the total somites and the narrower width of carapace and the first somite of selected population compared with that of wild population.In the principal component analysis,four principal components were constructed,the contributory rates of the first,second,third and fourth principal component were 18.14%,15.09%,11.09%,and 9.53%,respectively. The cumulative contribution rate was 53.85%.The results revealed that the differences in transverse factor were most significant,which were in accordance with the conclusions of t-test.The results of discriminant analysis revealed that there were significant differences between the two populations(P<0.000?1).The identification accuracy were 62%-75%(P_1) and 55.4%-79.8%(P_(2)),respectively.The total discriminant accuracy was 70.67%,which showed that it is feasible to adopt stepwise discriminatory analysis to distinguish the wild and selected "Huanghai No.1" populations of shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis.The higher discriminant accuracy of selected "Huanghai No.1" population revealed the results of selective breeding reflected from morphological characteristics.