吉林省大豆品种遗传改良过程中叶片和叶柄特征变化的研究

目的]研究吉林省大豆复叶面积及叶柄直径和长度的变化,为高产大豆的改良及种质资源研究提供参考。方法]以吉林省1923年以来生产上主推的42个大豆品种的第4、10、16节位叶片为对象,研究复叶面积、叶柄长度和叶柄直径随年代变化的趋势。结果]吉林省不同年代大豆复叶面积和叶柄的生长均呈＂慢—快—慢＂的＂S＂型曲线。叶片面积和叶柄的生长进程不同,叶柄长度的生长较叶片面积的生长推迟3～5d,较叶柄直径的生长推迟5～7d。大豆第4节位叶叶面积有随育成年代推进而增大的变化趋势,但第10和第16节位叶叶面积则随育成年代呈下降的变化趋势;大豆叶片的叶柄长度和直径在所有节位均随育成年代推进而增加。结论]吉林省生产主推的大豆品种的底层叶面积递增,中层和上层的叶面积随年代的推进而递减;叶柄长度增长;叶柄直径增大。

Research on the Characteristics of the Soybean Leaf and Petiole Change in Its Genetic Improvement in Jilin Province

Objective] The reference for the improvement of high-yielding soybean and the utilization of its germplasm resources was provided through the research on the compound leaf area and the change of diameter and length of petiole of soybean in Jilin province. Method] The leaf at the 4th,10th and 16th node of 42 main soybean varieties,which had been applied in Jilin Province since 1923,was researched in the change trend of their compound leaf area,the length and diameter of petiole among years. Results] In Jilin Province the curve of ＂S＂：＂slow-fast-slow＂ in soybean compound leaf area and petiole growth was showed. The process of compound leaf area and petiole growth was different and there were 3-5 days later in the growth of petiole length than the growth of leaf area; and 5-7 days later than the growth of petiole diameter. The area of the leaf at the 4th soybean node was increased with the increment of its releasing year,but there was declining trend in the area of the leaf at the 10th and 16th soybean node with the increment of its releasing year. The length and diameter of petiole of soybean at all of nodes in were increased with the increment of its releasing year. Conclusion] The leaf area at the bottom layer of soybean variety mainly applied in production in Jilin Province was increased at middle and upper layer was decreased with the increment of its releasing year and also the length and diameter of petiole grew largely.