BS系列杂交小麦在陕西渭南地区制种可行性分析

高效制种技术是杂交小麦推广和产业化的重要影响因素,适宜制种区域的探索是制种技术研究的关键内容。以往基于光温敏不育的BS系列杂交小麦制种区域较为单一,多集中在安徽阜阳地区。为扩充杂交小麦的制种区域,本研究将陕西渭南地区与传统制种区域——安徽阜阳种子生产区进行了生态气候条件比较分析。渭南地区小麦生长期平均温度较阜阳低1.3℃,育性转化重要时期平均温度相差小于1℃;日可照时数与原阜阳制种区相近,从光温等生态气候条件上为BS系列杂交小麦制种提供了可能。同时,渭南地区在小麦种子生产关键时期降水量较阜阳低41.7%,种子质量更有保障。在此基础上,在陕西渭南地区开展了BS系列光温敏不育系育性鉴定和中试制种试验。结果表明,大部分BS系列骨干不育系自交结实为0.5粒/穗左右,不育度可达98%以上;各杂交种平均异交结实数可达14.4~20.7粒/穗,制种产量超过3 000kg/hm ²,并且种子纯度达到95%以上,符合杂交小麦制种生产要求。渭南地区可作为BS系列杂交小麦制种的备选区域。

Feasibility Analysis of BS Series Hybrid Wheat Seed Production in Weinan of Shaanxi Province

Efficient seed production techniques are the key factors that affect the industrialization of hybrid wheat. The exploration of suitable seed production area is an important part of seed production technology research and the improvement of seed production. The traditional production area of BS series hybrid wheat based on photo-thermo-sensitive sterility was more single and concentrated in the Fuyang area of Anhui Province. In order to increase the seed production areas of hybrid wheat and improve the technical level of seed production, the climate of Weinan area was analysed and compared with Fuyang the traditional wheat seed production area in this study. The results showed that the average temperature of growing wheat in Weinan is lower than that of Fuyang by 1.3℃ and the difference of average temperature in important period of fertility transfomation is less than 1℃; the duration of possible sunshine are similar in the two areas; the precipitation in the key period of wheat seed production was significantly reduced (41.7% lower than that in Fuyang area), which was suitable for seed production. On this basis, we conducted the fertility test and seed production of BS series photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines in Weinan, Shaanxi Province. The results showed that the majority of BS lines in this area had self-fertility less than 0.5 grains per spike and the sterility rate reached 98%. The average number of outcrossed seedlings per plant reached 14.4 to 20.7 grains per spike, seed production more than 3 000kg/hm ², and seed purity of 95% or more, these are all meet the hybrid wheat seed production requirements. Weinan could be an appropriate alternative area for BS hybrid wheat production.