鲁南地区夏玉米产量对气象因子的响应

2017年在临沂市农业科学院试验田以早熟玉米品种华美1号、登海518和中熟玉米品种登海605、郑单958为材料,分期播种,采用灰色关联分析法研究夏玉米产量对气象因子的响应。结果表明：随着播种期推迟,2种熟期玉米生育期均缩短。6月17日播种比6月10日播种的早熟夏玉米产量略降低,播种期再推迟,早熟夏玉米产量显著降低;随着播种期的推迟,中熟夏玉米产量显著降低,日均温、平均土壤温度和气温日较差均降低,有效积温、日照时数均减少;气象因子对早熟夏玉米产量的影响为：有效积温>日照时数>气温日较差>平均土壤温度>日均温>降水量,气象因子对中熟夏玉米产量的影响为：有效积温>日照时数>日均温>平均土壤温度>气温日较差>降水量。生产上,鲁南地区中熟夏玉米适宜播期在6月10日左右,早熟夏玉米品种适宜播期在6月10日至6月17日,夏玉米在麦收后应及早播种,为实现高产和子粒机收创造条件。

Response of Summer Maize Yield to Meteorological Factors in Lunan Region

An experiment during 2017 maize growing season was conducted to study the response of summer maize yield to meteorological factors by grey correlation analysis. Two ripening maize varieties were planted with different sowing dates in experimental field of Linyi Agricultural Academy of Sciences. The precocious maize varieties Huamei 1 and Denghai 518 and medium maize varieties Denghai 605 and Zhengdan 958 were used as materials. The results showed that the growth period of the two maize varieties was shortened with the delay of the sowing date. The yield of precocious summer maize planted on June 17 was slightly lower than that on June 10, and the yield of precocious summer maize was significantly reduced after sowing on June 17. With the delay of sowing date, the yield of medium summer maize was significantly reduced; With the delay of maize sowing date, average daily temperature, average soil temperature and average daily temperature difference were reduced, growing-degree days and the daylight hours also decreased. The effect of meteorological factors on the yield of precocious summer maize were: growing-degree days > daylight hours > average daily temperature difference > average soil temperature > average daily temperature > amount of rainfall. The effect of meteorological factors on the yield of medium summer maize were: growing-degree days > daylight hours > average daily temperature > average soil temperature > average daily temperature difference > amount of rainfall. The main meteorological factors affecting summer maize yield were growing-degree days and daylight hours. The suitable sowing date of medium summer maize is around June 10 and the suitable sowing date of precocious summer maize is from June 10 to June 17 in Lunan region. The summer maize should be planted early after wheat harvest in order to create conditions for high yield and grain harvesting.