不同播种方式对麦茬夏大豆保苗和生产效益的影响

目前,黄淮海地区麦茬大豆播种方式费时费工,投入较高,效益较差。简化栽培程序,实现大豆生产的轻简便捷和节本增效是今后大豆生产发展的必由之路。本研究在大田试验条件下,以常规机械条播为对照,研究了免耕覆秸精量播种方式对麦茬大豆播种质量、出苗和生产效益的影响。结果表明,与常规机械条播方式相比,免耕覆秸精量播种方式下,田间表层土壤平均温度降低了6.5%,平均湿度提高了12.7%。同时,通过免耕覆秸精量播种技术播种大豆可使大豆播种均匀度和出苗率分别提高64.8%和32.2%。此外,免耕覆秸精量播种技术简化了大豆生产环节、减少了农耗,使生产投入显著降低了41.0%,大豆生产效益显著提高28.2%。本研究表明,通过免耕覆秸精量播种技术可解决麦茬大豆播种难、出苗质量差和用工投入多等问题,降低了大豆生产成本,提高了大豆种植效益,本技术可作为一项重要的简化栽培措施在黄淮海麦茬大豆生产区推广。

Effects of Sowing Methods on Seedling Stand and Production Profit of Summer Soybean under Wheat-Soybean System

The summer soybean productivity under wheat-soybean system in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is currently facing challenges because of labor costs and the amount of time invested which leads to higher inputs with low profits. Developing simplified cultivation is an important technological approach to save cost and improve profit in soybean productivity. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to comprehensively investigate the effects of no-tillage plus straw mulching and precise seeding cultivation technology (NTSMPS) on seeding quality, emergence rate, produce cost and profit with conventional mechanical drill seeding (CMDS) as the control. Compared with the CMDS, the average soil surface temperature in NTSMPS decreased by 6.5%, while the average soil humidity increased by 12.7%. The seeding uniformity and emergence rate of soybean under NTSMPS were increased by 64.8% and 32.2%, respectively than that in CMDS. The produce cost significantly decreased by 41.0% through simplifying the cultivation process and time management. Compared with CMDS, the production profit in NTSMPS was significantly increased by 28.2%. Therefore, the NTSMPS cultivation technology could solve the issues of poor seeding quality, lower emergence rate and higher labor cost thereby reducing costs and improving soybean productivity profit. NTSMPS cultivation technology is one of the simplified cultivation measures of summer soybean production under wheat-soybean system in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.