近30年来我国水稻主要品种更新换代历程浅析

综合分析1985-2015年全国水稻主要品种推广及更替情况表明,我国水稻主栽品种更新速率明显放缓,主导品种经历了5~6次更新换代,其中,常规水稻品种经历了约5次更换过程,杂交水稻品种约经历了6次主要的更换过程,品种的抗病性等是主导品种更迭的主要原因,研究同时发现杂交水稻主导品种亲本同质化现象比较普遍。为进一步推动我国水稻品种更新换代,需发掘和创制新的种质资源及亲本,加强抗病性育种,更加注重主要性状的综合协调,选育、审定和推广更多优质、高产、多抗、广适于一体的优良品种。

Renovation of Main Cultivated Rice Varieties in China in the Past 30 Years

Comprehensive analysis of main cultivated rice varieties alternation during 1985-2015 indicated that the updating of main cultivated rice varieties slowed markedly in our country, the dominant varieties had been renovated 5-6 times, For instance, conventional rice varieties had undergone five times renovation, while hybrid rice varieties had experienced six major varieties updating with enormous improvements. Disease resistance was a major cause of main cultivated varieties renovation. In addition, research also revealed that homogeneity phenomenon between parent lines of hybrid main cultivated rice varieties was quite common. In order to further promote national rice varieties renovation, it was urgently to explore and create new germplasm resources and cultivars, meanwhile, breeders need to strengthen the disease resistance breeding and focus more on comprehensive coordination of main agricultural characters, ultimately, develop, assess and promote more main rice varieties with high quality, high yield, multi-resistance and widespread adaptability.