基于不同播种量的双季机插早稻均匀度对产量形成的影响

水稻机械化栽插是水稻生产发展的重要方向,但当前水稻机械化栽插过程中存在漏蔸、均匀度差等问题,对水稻的生长发育及产量形成存在影响。本研究以籼型常规稻中嘉早17为材料,在不同播种量（50、70、90、110g/盘）条件下设置机插和手工均匀栽插（模拟机插）2种处理,研究机插均匀度对早稻群体发育及产量形成的影响。结果表明,与手工均匀栽插相比,机插处理漏蔸率高、单株苗数变异大、群体均匀度差,导致成穗率低、穗数减少、群体截获光的能力下降、物质生产量减少,产量明显降低。但随着播种量的增加,机插稻群体的机插均匀度提高,与手工均匀栽插处理的产量差距缩小。综合两年产量数据来看,当播种量增加至90g/盘以上时,机插处理的产量并未显著增加,甚至呈现出下降趋势。表明机插条件下水稻群体田间分布的均匀度是影响机插稻产量的重要因素,通过适当增加早稻用种量并提高机插的田间均匀度有利于促进机插早稻产量的提高。

The Uniformity of Mechanical-Transplanted Early-Season Rice under Different Seeding Rates and Its Effects on the Formation of Grain Yield

Mechanical transplanting is an important direction for rice production. But many problems such as holes leakage and bad uniformity were still existed in the process of mechanical transplanting, which give great effects on plant growth and yield formation for rice. In this study, Zhongjiazao17, a conventional indica rice variety was used, and different seed sowing rates (50g/tray, 70g/tray, 90g/tray and 110g/tray) were set to create mechanical transplanting populations of different uniformity, and its effects on plant growth and grain yield were analyzed by comparing to manual transplanting. The results showed that compared with manual uniform planting treatments, mechanical treatments exists high leakage rate, the coefficient of variation of seedlings per stalk was high, population uniformity were poor, leading to lower spike rate and spike number. The population ability to intercept light decreased, material production reduced, yield decreased significantly. But with the increase of sowing rate, uniformity of mechanical-transplanted rice was improved, the difference of yield compared with manual uniform transplanting became lessen. Based on the data of yield in both years, when the sowing rate exceed 90g/tray, the yield of mechanical treatments didn’t increased significantly, even appeared a descending trend. The results showed that under the condition of mechanical-transplanting, the uniformity was important factor which influenced yield. It is helpful to promote the yield of early-season rice, by increasing sowing rate appropriately and increasing the uniformity of rice planting.