小麦种质资源农艺性状变异及其遗传多样性分析

为了解不同小麦种质资源农艺性状变异及其遗传多样性,利用SSR分子标记分析了44份CIMMYT春小麦和45份国内主栽小麦种质资源的遗传变异。结果表明,小麦单株产量、株高和穗粒数的变异系数分别为36.7%、16.4%和15.6%,说明国内外种质材料在表型上存在较大差异。利用20对分子标记对89份小麦种质资源进行了多态性检测,结果显示,共检测到162个等位变异,每对引物检测到等位变异数目为6~9个,平均每对SSR标记能够检测到8.1个变异,其中Xgwm314的多态性最丰富;SSR标记的多态性信息含量（PIC）介于0.0223~0.8177,平均值为0.5109;平均每位点的有效等位基因数的变异范围为0.2984~8.7818,Xgwm165的多态性最丰富,平均值为1.2215;Shannon’s信息指数的变异范围为0.1114~0.3162,平均值为0.2307。聚类分析结果显示,89份小麦种质资源分为2大类群,第一类有25份,该类群株高较低,第二类有64份,国外材料大多集中在这一类中。本研究表明,44份CIMMYT春小麦及45份国内主栽小麦种质资源遗传相似性较大,地域性分布特征显著,聚类结果反映出小麦品种（系）多样性水平复杂,可为小麦新品种选育提供优异的亲本材料。

Variation of Agronomic Traits and Genetic Diversity in Wheat Germplasms

In order to understand the genetic variation and diversity in different ecological areas, 44 CIMMYT spring wheat and 45 domestic main wheat germplasms were analyzed by the 20 SSR primers. The results showed that the coefficient of variation in grain weight per plant, plant height and kernel number per spike were 36.7%, 16.4% and 15.6%, respectively. By 20 pairs of specific primers from 89 wheat germplasms, 162 alleles were detected, and allele number each primer ranged from 6 to 9 with the average of 8.1, in whcih the primer with the most abundant was Xgwm314; and polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.0223 to 0.8177, with the average value of 0.5109. The range of the average effective number of alleles loci ranged from 0.2984 to 8.7818, and the most abundant polymorphism was Xgwm165 with the average value of 1.2215. Shannon’s information index ranged from 0.1114 to 0.3162, the average value was 0.2307. The results of cluster analysis showed that 89 wheat germplasms could be divided into two groups, the first category accounted for 25, and the plant height was lower; the second category accounted for 64, and most of the foreign materials were concentrated in this category. According to the main traits of wheat varieties (lines), it was urgent to broaden and create new wheat germplasm resources to provide excellent parent materials for breeding new wheat varieties.