喷施叶面肥对旱地小麦生长的影响及与产量的关系

为明确喷施叶面肥对旱地小麦生长发育的影响及与产量的关系,于2014-2015年在山西农业大学旱地小麦闻喜试验基地进行喷施叶面肥试验,设置三叶期、拔节期和孕穗期分别喷施吨田宝（D1~D3）、三叶期和拔节期同时喷施吨田宝（D4）、三叶期和孕穗期同时喷施吨田宝（D5）、拔节期和孕穗期同时喷施吨田宝（D6）、三叶期、拔节期和孕穗期同时喷施吨田宝（D7）、三叶期、拔节期和孕穗期分别喷施磷酸二氢钾（D8~D10）、三叶期、拔节期和孕穗期同时喷施磷酸二氢钾（D11）处理,以喷施清水为对照（CK）。结果表明,喷施叶面肥与CK相比可显著增加开花期叶面积指数、穗数和次生根数,尤其是D6;喷施叶面肥可显著增加穗数和产量,且处理D1~D7高于D8~D11,D1~D7处理中D7最高,但与D6处理间差异不显著,而叶面肥对穗粒数和千粒重的影响不规律。相关性分析表明,开花期叶面积指数与成熟期穗数、千粒重和产量呈极显著正相关,开花期次生根数与穗数和产量呈显著正相关。总之,在拔节期和孕穗期同时喷施吨田宝有利于促进开花期旱地小麦根系和叶片生长,延长叶片功能期,延缓根系衰老,增加穗数和千粒重,从而显著提高产量。

Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizers on Dryland Wheat Growth and the Correlation with Yield Formation

To explore the impacts of spraying foliar fertilizer in different stages on dryland wheat growth and their correlation with yield, an experiment was carried out in Wenxi County, Shanxi Province from 2014 to 2015. The impact in the stages of single applying or spraying foliar fertilizer in different stages (D1-D11 and CK) was studied. The results showed that compared with CK, spraying Duntianbao or KH₂PO₄ (D1-D11) both increased wheat leaf area index, tillers and secondary roots. D6 significantly improved ear number and grain yield, and spraying Duntianbao (D1-D7) was higher than spraying KH₂PO₄ (D8-D11), and D7 was the best, but there was no difference with D6. The effects of spraying foliar fertilizer on grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight was irregular. Correlation analysis showed that no matter how to spraying foliar fertilizer, the correlation of leaf area index at flowering stage and ear number, 1000-grain weight, yield were significantly positive. There were a positive correlations between secondary roots at flowering stage and ear number and yield. In conclusion, spraying Duntianbao at jointing and booting stages were conducive to promoting dryland wheat growth of root and leaf, prolonging functional leaf time, increasing tillers, delaying root senescence, increasing ear number and 1000-grain weight, and thereby improving yield.