小麦育种亲本材料SSR标记遗传多样性及其亲缘关系分析

为了解不同生态区小麦品种间的遗传多样性,以190份分布于黄淮冬麦区、长江中下游冬麦区及西南冬麦区3大麦区的小麦品种为试验材料,利用均匀分布于小麦21条染色体的80对SSR标记对其进行遗传多样性研究,并进行品种间亲缘关系的分析。本文共检测出352个等位类型,每个标记平均4.4个;各位点的多态性信息含量的变幅分别为0.021 2~0.853 2,平均为0.533 4。结果表明:3大麦区品种间遗传差异较为明显,其中长江中下游冬麦区与西南冬麦区遗传差异相对较小,而黄淮冬麦区西部丘陵川地副区与胶东丘陵副区存在较大差异。各麦区间及副区间都存在不同程度的品种交叉现象,其中黄淮冬麦区华北平原副区与淮北平原副区间的种质资源交换较为频繁。遗传聚类结果与品种间亲缘关系相对一致,与品种系谱来源及地域分布也较为吻合,即同一麦区或者具有共同系谱来源的小麦品种可较好地聚为一类。本文研究结果为小麦亲本选配提供了有用的遗传信息和重要参考依据。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Relationship among Wheat Breeding Parents by SSR Markers

To understand the genetic diversity of wheat varieties widely planted in different wheat regions in china. A set of 80 SSR markers uniformly distributed on 21 wheat chromosomes was used to analyze the genetic diversity and relationship among 190 wheat cultivars mainly from three main winter wheat regions including Yellow & Huai River, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and Southwestern. Totally 352 alleles were detected, and the average alleles per locus were 4.4. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.021 2 to 0.853 2, with an average of 0.533 4.The results showed that a significant genetic difference was observed among wheat varieties from the three main wheat regions; thereinto, smaller difference was found between that from the Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwestern winter wheat regions, while bigger difference was found between that from the West upland sub-region of Yellow & Huai River and Jiaodong upland sub-region. Exchange of wheat germplasm was also found among different wheat regions, and high frequency was observed in North China plain sub-region and North Huai River plain sub-region of Yellow & Huai river winter wheat regions. The result of cluster analysis by SSR markers was coincident with their genetic relationship, also closely matching with their pedigrees and regional distribution. Those wheat varieties originated from the same pedigrees or wheat regions were clustered together. The results provided important information for selecting the parent materials during wheat breeding.