山区农畜血吸虫病流行病学及控制技术研究

 【目的】按农畜血吸虫病不同山区疫区研究控制技术，为防治提供指导。【方法】将四川山区农畜血吸虫病疫区划分为以芦山县为代表的半封闭式疫区（Semi-closing epidemic district）和以普格县为代表的封闭式疫区（Closing epidemic district）两大类，并进行了流行病学及控制技术研究。【结果】此病牛是血吸虫病流行最主要的传染源，3～8岁的牛IPC较高，以牛粪为主的野粪是重要的传播因数，农畜之间以及与人之间的血吸虫病疫情呈显著正相关（r＞r0.01，P＜0.01）。在半封闭式疫区中，水牛作用大于黄牛，水牛RTI为67.8%，黄牛RTI为20.4%，牛以外的其它农畜在血吸虫病流行病学上不占重要地位。在封闭式疫区中，黄牛作用大于水牛，黄牛RTI为80.1%，水牛RTI为19.4%；马、羊、猪在血吸虫病流行病学中也不同程度地占有重要位置（马的感染率13.5%，羊为8.5%，猪为6.7%），狗在血吸虫病流行病学上的地位不可忽视。人既是传染源，又是所有传染源的控制者。所以，人在血吸虫病流行病学上占有特殊地位。【结论】明确了各农畜血吸虫病控制的适宜药物、剂量和方式，以秋末冬初查治优于传统的夏季查治。在半封闭式疫区，主要抓耕牛的查治。在封闭式疫区，所有农畜都须查治。并加强牛粪管理和道路边沟灭螺，反复查治是降低感染率的最有效措施。

Studies on the Epidemiology and Controlling Techniques of Schistosomiasis of Mountainy Livestock in Sichuan Province

【Objective】In order to provide guidance for prevention and cure of Schistosomiasis, controlling techniques were studied according to the features of mountainous epidemic districts. 【Method】The epidemiology and controlling techniques of Schistosomiasis japonica of mountainy livestock in Sichuan Province were studied. Epidemiology position and functions of every kind of domestic animal were revealed, and controlling techniques were researched. 【Result】The schistosomiasis bovine were the main source of the infection. IPC(Index of Potential Contamination) of the bovine at the age of 3 to 8 years old was much higher than others. Feces on the pasture, the majority of which was excreted by bovine, were very important transmission factors. Epidemic situations of schistosomiasis among human being and animals had a marked and positive correlation (r﹥r0.01, P﹤0.01). The epidemic mountainous district was divided into two types that were semi-closing epidemic district(s-CED) and closing epidemic district(CED). The former was mainly human being, Lushan county as representative. The latter was mainly domestic animals, Puge county as representative. Epidemiology position and function of buffalo was more important than cattle in s-CED, but cattle was more important than buffalo in CED. 【Conclusion】Bovine were mainly treated in s-CED, and all domestic animals were must treated in CED. The time of treatment in the late-autumn and early winter was much better than in summer that was traditional.