长江中下游地区花生品种更替中产量及有关性状演变的初探

对长江中下游地区花生品种更替中产量及有关的２２个性状进行了相关性分析。结果表明，产量与单株有效果数、饱果数、百果重、主茎青叶数、叶面积指数、生物产量和收获指数等性状遗传相关均达正向极显著，而与株高呈极显著负相关。经分析表明，近期推广品种比地方品种增产，在于主要经济性状的综合改良和收获指数的提高由（０．３３提高到０．４６）。说明高产品种不但生物产量较高，且表明向荚果转化的物质也多。其次．主茎第六节以上的长度得到控制。避兔植株体过旺生长，更能发挥品种的增产潜力。

EVOLUATION OF YIELD AND OTHER CHARACTERS IN ALTERATION OF GROUNDNUT CULTIVARS IN CENTRAL CHINA

Relationship of yield and other 22 characters was analysed among the groundnut cultivars growh in central China in different periods since 1950s. The results indicated that the genetic correlations between yield and number of effective pods and full-expanded pods per plant, weight of 100 pods,number of green leaves on main stem at harvest, index of leaf area, biological mass and harvest index were positively significant, while that between yield and plant height was negatively significant. The reason for the presently-used improved cultivars' outyielding the local farmers' ones used before was the balanced improvement of main characters. The average harvest index was enhanced from 0. 33 in local varieties to 0. 46 in improved ones, indicating that the improved high-yielding cultivars not only had higher biolosical mass but also transfered more substance to pods. On the other hand, inhibiting length of main stem above the sixth node to avoid outgrowth in plant height could somehowe increase the yield potential