小麦秸秆基水稻育苗基质最佳配比研究

为研究腐熟小麦秸秆制作水稻育苗基质的可行性,促进秸秆基质化应用。本试验通过5种不同配比的腐熟小麦秸秆复合基质用于水稻育秧,研究了其对水稻形态指标、生理指标的影响,旨在从本试验中选出适宜于水稻幼苗生长的最佳基质配比。研究结果表明:1.腐熟小麦秸秆70%+蛭石15%+珍珠岩15%基质所培育的水稻幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部干重和根系活力等,与其他处理有显著性差异。其最高株高为14.3cm、最粗茎粗2.580mm、最重地上部干重为0.87g/50株、根干重0.79g/50株。2. 腐熟小麦秸秆70%+蛭石15%+珍珠岩15%基质处理的小麦秸秆基质的容重为0.226g.cm_^-3,总孔隙度为92.7%,持水孔隙为76.7%,通气孔隙为18.4%。其物理性状良好,各项指标均在理想基质的指标范围内。3. 腐熟小麦秸秆70%+蛭石15%+珍珠岩15%基质处理的小麦秸秆基质的水稻幼苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量也较大,与其他处理间形成差异。本研究结论腐熟小麦秸秆70%+蛭石15%+珍珠岩15%基质最好,此体积配比的复合育苗基质更适合于水稻幼苗生长发育,可以在实践中应用推广。

Study on Optimum Proportion of Wheat Straw Substrate

In order to study the feasibility of using decomposed wheat straw to make rice seedling substrate and promote the application of straw substrate. In this experiment, five kinds of decomposed wheat straw composite substrates with different proportions were used to raise rice seedlings, and their effects on morphological and physiological indicators of rice were studied, in order to choose the best substrate ratio suitable for the growth of rice seedlings from this experiment. The results showed that: 1. the plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of aboveground parts and root activity of rice seedlings cultivated with decomposed wheat straw 70 % + vermiculite 15 % + perlite 15 % substrate were significantly different from other treatments. The highest plant height is 14.3 cm, the thickest stem diameter is 2.580 mm, the dry weight of the heaviest upper part is 0.87 g / 50 plants, and the dry weight of roots is 0.79 g / 50 plants. 2. the bulk density of wheat straw matrix treated with decomposed wheat straw 70 % + vermiculite 15 % + perlite 15 % matrix is 0.226 g cm - 3, with total porosity of 92.7 %, water-holding porosity of 76.7 % and ventilation porosity of 18.4 %. Its physical properties are good, and all indicators are within the range of ideal matrix indicators. 3. the root activity and chlorophyll content of rice seedlings treated with decomposed wheat straw 70 % + vermiculite 15 % + perlite 15 % substrate were also larger, which formed differences with other treatments. The conclusion of this study is that 70 % decomposed wheat straw + 15 % vermiculite + 15 % perlite matrix is the best, and this volume ratio of composite seedling medium is more suitable for the growth and development of rice seedlings, which can be applied and promoted in practice.