鱼饲料中植物原料抗营养因子的研究

综述了植物原料抗营养因子的种类、化学性质、对鱼的影响和消除方法。鱼饲料中常用的植物原料含有影响蛋白质、矿物质、维生素、能量和其它物质利用的五大类抗营养因子。蛋白酶抑制因子、植酸、凝集素、致甲状腺肿物(goitrogens)和抗维生素因子等为热敏抗营养物；皂苷、非淀粉多糖、抗原性蛋白和某些酚化物为热稳性抗营养物。它们能抑制酶的活性，产生毒素，结合有益物质，影响鱼类的代谢。概述了消除植物原料中抗营养因子的物理(热、压、光等)、化学(药物)和生物(发酵、育种等)方法及合理用量。

Antinutritional factors in plant feedstuff used in fish formulated feeds

In the plant-derived materials used as a substitute for fishmeal in fish culture,there are a wide variety of antinutritional substances including factors affecting protein, mineral, vitamin, energy and other utilization. Protein inhibitors, phytates, lectins, goitrogens and antivitamins are heat labile factors, whereas saponins, non-starch polysaccharides, antigenic proteins, estrogens and some phenolic compounds are heat-resistance. These antinutrients make an effect on fish metabolism via enzyme inhibition, toxicity and production of combined compounds. The deleterious effects of the antinutrients can be removed from the materials by physical (heat, pressure and light), chemical (drugs) and biological methods.