Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and histopathological characteristics in canine brain with traumatic brain injury |
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| Authors: | Chi-Ho Yu Ji-Young Yhee Jong-Hyuk Kim Keum-Soon Im Na-Hyun Kim Dong-In Jung Hee-Chun Lee Seung-Ki Chon Jung-Hyang Sur |
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| Affiliation: | 1Department of Pathobiology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.;2Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.;3Department of Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.;4Hyu Animal Clinic, Iksan 570-973, Korea. |
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| Abstract: | We analyzed the expression level and cellular localization of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and histopathologically characterized canine traumatic brain injury (TBI). Canine TBI brains revealed subarachnoid and cerebral cortical hemorrhage, neutrophilic infiltration, neuronal necrosis, astrocytosis, and vasogenic edema. Immunohistochemical evaluations suggested that both pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α] and anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)] were highly expressed in neurons and neutrophils. In particular, the highest magnitude of expression was identified for IL-1β and TGF-β. This data helps describe the pathologic characteristics of canine TBI, and may help in the design of potential therapeutic approaches to control secondary damage by inflammatory cytokines. |
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| Keywords: | interleukin-1 interleukin-6 transforming growth factor-beta traumatic brain injury tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
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