亚麻受精过程及其经历的时间

应用石蜡制片技术, 观察亚麻的受精过程及其各阶段经历的时间。结果表明, 亚麻开花时落到柱头上的花粉随即萌发, 花粉管在花柱引导组织的细胞间隙中生长, 进入子房后经子房内表面, 沿胎座经珠柄进入珠孔, 进入1个助细胞, 在卵细胞与中央细胞之间释放2个精子；精子脱掉细胞质鞘后，形成精核与细胞质体；2个精核同时分别进入卵细胞和中央细胞, 并与卵核及次生核融合；精核与次生核融合速度稍快；观察到合子中雌、雄性核仁融合的过程。受精各阶段经历的时间为，花粉落到柱头上随即萌发；开花后4.5 h左右, 花粉管长入胚珠的珠孔；4.5~5.5 h，花粉管进入1个助细胞并释放精子；5.5~6.5 h为精卵融合和精核与次生核的融合期；7.5~8.5 h初生胚乳核分裂；12.5 h之后，合子分裂；6.5~12.5 h为合子静止期。

Fertilization Process in Flax and Its Performance Time for Each Stage

The experiment was conducted by means of routine paraffin-embedded sectioning technique to offer some information for its genetic breeding, gene engineering and reproductive biology. The results showed that pollen grains germinated immediately when they were fallen on stigma in self-pollinated flax, then pollen tubes grew in the intercellular space of transmitting tissue of style, entering ovary and growing on the surface of endocuticle of ovary wall, and passing micropore through placenta and funicle. Pollen tube entered one synergid, and released two sperms between egg and central cells. Sperm nucleus and cytoplasm body formed by shucking cytoplasm from sperm. One sperm nucleus entered egg, and another entered the central cell. Fusion of sperm nucleus and egg nucleus was a little slower than that of sperm nucleus and secondary nucleus. Fusion process of male and female nucleoli was observed. The performance time was as follows: Pollen grains germinated very soon on stigma. Pollen tube grew into micropyle about at 4.5 hours after flowering. Pollen tube entered one synergid and released two sperms during about 4.5–5.5 hours after flowering. Fusion of egg-sperm took place in about 5.5–6.5 hours after flowering as well as that of sperm-secondary. Primary endosperm nucleus divided at about 7.5–8.5 hours after flowering. Zygote divided at 12.5 hours after flowering. The dormancy stage of zygote was at about 6.5–12.5 hours after flowering.