2021年秋收作物生长季农业气象条件评价

基于主要农区2346个气象台站观测数据和历史同期观测资料，利用作物气候适宜度和农业气象灾害指数等方法，分析了2021年玉米、一季稻、晚稻、大豆和棉花等主要秋收作物生长季的农业气象条件。结果表明，秋收作物生长季内，农区大部分地区≥10℃积温较常年同期偏多100～250℃·d，热量条件好，大部降水正常，土壤墒情适宜。夏季（6-8月）光温水条件匹配较好，利于玉米、水稻、大豆等作物开花授粉、灌浆结实以及棉花开花、结铃。总体上秋收作物主要生育期内干旱影响偏轻，气象条件对作物生长发育和产量形成有利。但局地暴雨洪涝频发，河南受灾严重，部分农田绝收。西北地区东部、华北大部、黄淮北部作物生育后期多雨寡照，不利作物灌浆成熟及收获。东北地区阶段性低温、西北地区东北部干旱、南方和新疆高温危害等对局地玉米、水稻、棉花等作物造成一定不利影响。

Analysis Report of Agrometeorological Conditions during Growing Season of Autumn-Harvest Crops in 2021

According to the observed meteorological data and the historical data from 2346 meteorological stations in major agriculture area in China in 2021,the climate suitable index and agrometeorological disaster index were used to analyze the agrometeorological conditions in the growing season of major autumn harvest crops,such as corn,single rice,later rice,soybean and cotton.The results showed that:accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 degrees centigrade was 100 to 250℃·d more than normal value and the thermal conditions were sufficient.The precipitation and soil conditions were suitable for crop growth and development.Temperature,sunshine and water conditions matched well in summer which were favorable to flowering and filling stage of corn,single rice and soybean.Also,the meteorological conditions were favorable to flowering and boll setting of cotton.In general,the impact of drought during the main growth period of autumn harvest crops was light,and the meteorological conditions were favorable for crop growth,development and yield.While rainstorm and flood disasters occurred frequently especially in Henan province which caused the crops heavy losses and some crops were out of harvest.There was a continuous extreme rainy and sunless weather during maturity period for corn and cotton in eastern part of Northwest China,North China and the north of Huanghuai region.It was not conducive to crop filling maturation and harvesting.Additionally,staged low temperature in Northeast China,drought in northeastern part of Northwest China,high temperature in southern China and Xinjiang had a certain adverse effect on local crops.