海南省文教河底栖动物群落特征及与环境因子关系分析

调查流域底栖动物及相应的水环境因子，分析底栖动物群落结构特征，探讨底栖动物与主要水质指标之间的相关关系，为文教河水质生物监测、流域生态健康评价、水资源管理等提供科学依据和研究基础。2014年11月，在文教河流域15个点位共采集到底栖动物42种，隶属3门5纲23科，其中水生昆虫为主要类群，占总物种数的69.05%；优势种为雕翅摇蚊Glyptotendipes sp、多足摇蚊Polypedilum sp、海南白虾Exopalaemon hainanensis和米虾Caridina sp，优势度分别为0.19、0.12、0.05、0.02；底栖动物密度和生物量分别为295.00 个/m2和31.78 g/m2；香农-威纳 (Shannon-Wiener) 多样性指数范围在0.50～1.96；Margalef丰富度指数范围在0.97～2.82；Pielou均匀度指数范围在0.18～0.39。相关分析表明，水温和溶解氧是影响文教河底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子。

Characteristics of the Macroinvertebrate Community in Wenjiao River, Hainan Province and Its Relationship to Environmental Factors

Wenjiao River is the largest river flowing to the sea from Wenchang City, Hainan Province and the Poliu water sluice section of the lower Wenjiao River is an important drinking water source. According to the environmental quality report of Hainan Province, the overall water quality of Wenjiao River was good during 2010-2015, but water quality in the Poliu water sluice section was Grade IV and did not meet drinking water standards. In this study, we analyzed the macroinvertebrate community structure and its relationship to water environmental parameters in Wenjiao River. The aim of the study was to provide reference data for biological water quality monitoring, ecosystem health assessment and water resource management. In March, May, September and November of 2014, water environmental factors including temperature, ammonia nitrogen, DO, TN, TP, CODCr, and BOD5 were monitored at 15 sampling sites (Sites 1-15) along the main stem of Wenjiao River. In November 2014, macrozoobenthos sampling was carried out at the 15 sites. A total of 42 macroinvertebrate species were collected, belonging to 23 families, 5 classes and 3 phyla. Aquatic insects (29 species) made up the largest group, accounting for 69.05% of the total macroinvertebrate species. Glyptotendipes sp., Polypedilum sp., Exopalaemon hainanensis and Caridina sp. were the dominant species, with dominance values of 0.19, 0.12, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. Macroinvertebrate density and biomass ranges were 55.56-1344.44 ind/m2 and 0.04-193.76 g/m2, with the average values of 295.00 ind/m2 and 31.78 g/m2, respectively. The density of macroinvertebrate was primarily affected by aquatic insects and the biomass by mollusks. The Shannon-Wiener diversity, Margalef richness and Pielou evenness indices of the macroinvertebrate community ranged, respectively, from 0.50 to 1.96, 0.97 to 2.82 and 0.18 to 0.39, with average values of 1.31, 1.69 and 0.26. Correlation analysis showed that temperature and DO were the primary environmental factors affecting the macroinvertebrate community structure in Wenjiao River.