兰州引黄灌区小麦田杂草群落及其生态位研究

通过田间调查,并结合生态位理论和方法对不同栽培条件下兰州引黄灌区小麦田主要杂草群落组成及生态位特征进行研究。结果表明:小麦田主要杂草种类有打碗花(Calystegia hederacea)、藜(Chenopodium album)、刺儿菜(Cephalanoplos segetum)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、苣荬菜(Sonchus brachyotus)和萹蓄(Polygonum aviculare)。藜时间、水平、垂直生态位宽度值最高,是群落中的优势杂草;其次是打碗花,为主要杂草;且藜与打碗花的时间、水平、垂直生态位重叠值比较大。研究表明小麦田杂草群落存在潜在的变化因素,随着农田环境的变化,会导致农田杂草群落发生变化。

Weed communities and eco-niches in wheat fields of the Yellow River irrigation zone of Lanzhou

The composition and eco-niches of weeds in wheat fields of the Yellow River irrigation zone of Lanzhou were field investigated based on eco-niche theory and method.The results show that Calystegia hederacea,Chenopodium album,Cephalanoplos segetum,Portulaca oleracea,Amaranthus retroflexus,Setaria viridis,Sonchus brachyotus and Polygonum aviculare form the main eco-damage population.Based on calculations of time,horizontal and vertical stretches of weed eco-niches,C.album is the dominant species and C.hederacea is the main weed.C.album and C.hederacea niches extensively overlap.The result illustrates that potential factors of wheat field weeds will induce field weed communities change as field environment varying.