中国大陆无土栽培发展概况

近15年来,中国无土栽培的发展异常迅猛,1985年全国无土栽培的面积只有0.1hm²,1995年发展到50hm²。目前中国无土栽培的总面积约为315hm²,与5年前相比增长了3倍多,其中绝大部分都用于蔬菜生产,只有很小一部分用于花卉生产。目前中国生产上使用的无土栽培系统主要为有机生态型无土栽培系统、浮板毛管法、NFT、DFH和鲁-SC系统。存在的主要问题是如何降低无土栽培系统的投资、提高产量、改善品质、并不污染环境。有机生态型无土栽培能生产绿色食品蔬菜。该文主要介绍了中国无土栽培的历史、采用的主要无土栽培系统型式、无土栽培研究和推广工作进展以及无土栽培在中国的发展前景。

Development of Soilless Culture in Mainland China

Soilless culture has developed very rapidly during the last fifteen years in mainland China. The area of soilless culture in China was around 0.1 hm² in 1985, 50 hm² of soilless culture area in 1995, at present there is about 315 hm² of soilless culture, it increased by about 5 times as compared with 5 years ago. Most areas are for vegetable production, and a few for flower production. They are mainly eco organic type soilless culture system, floating capillary hydroponics, NFT, DFH and Lu SC system. The main problems are how to reduce facility investment to produce non pollution high quality green food, and keep good production environment. The eco organic type soilless culture systems can produce organic Grade AA green food. The report introduced the brief history of soilless culture, main soilless culture systems, main progress in research and extension work, at last discussed the future of soilless culture in mainland China.