几种植物激素对4种山茶属植物花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

为了解不同山茶属植物花粉的生理特性，找到最佳的萌发时间和萌发条件，以便为提高杂交育种工作效率、合理搭配杂交组合提供有益借鉴。本研究以浙江红花油茶、越南油茶、山茶、小果油茶4种山茶属植物为材料，分别统计其单花雄蕊数及花粉粒数，并重点比较了3种不同植物激素6-BA、GA3、ABA处理对花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响。结果表明，不同山茶属植物花粉萌发及花粉管生长最适宜的激素及最佳浓度各不相同，其中：（1）最适宜浙江红花油茶、越南油茶、山茶、小果油茶花粉萌发的激素处理依次为10 mg/L 6-BA、0.5 mg/L 6-BA、5 mg/L GA3和10 mg/L GA3；（2）最适宜4种山茶属植物花粉管生长的激素处理依次为75 mg/L GA3、4 mg/L ABA、125 mg/L GA3和10 mg/L GA3；（3）4种山茶花初花期、盛花期、末花期花粉萌发率逐渐上升，其中浙江红花油茶三个时期花粉的萌发率均为4种植物中最高。

Effects of phytohormones on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of 4 Camellia plants

To improve the efficiency of crossbreeding, Camellia pollen was studied on the physiological characteristics in 4 different Camellia plants, which included Camellia chekiangoleosa, C. vietnamensis, C. japonica and C. meiocarppa. Number of stamens and pollen grains per flower were counted, pollen germination rates and pollen tube growth under different concentrations of 6-BA, GA3 or ABA were compared. Results showed that optimum hormones and concentrations for germination and pollen tube elongation of the 4 Camellia plants were different. The optimum hormones and concentrations for pollen germination of 4 species were 10 mg/L 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L 6-BA, 5 mg/L GA3 and 10 mg/L GA3, respectively. At the same time, the most suitable hormones and concentrations for pollen tube elongation were 75 mg/L GA3, 4 mg/L ABA, 125 mg/L GA3 and 10 mg/L GA3, respectively. The pollen germination rates of the 4 Camellia species in 3 periods were gradually rising, and the pollen activity were the highest at the late bloom stage. The pollen germination rates of C. chekiangoleosa were the highest at all of the 3 stages, which reached to about 70% at late bloom stage.