萝卜硫代葡萄糖苷的研究进展

硫代葡萄糖苷是一种广泛存在于十字花科植物中含硫和氮的次生代谢产物。萝卜中硫代葡萄糖苷含量较高且种类丰富,其中4-甲硫基-3-丁烯基硫苷(glucoraphasatin,GRH)含量最高。硫代葡萄糖苷经黑芥子酶降解可产生高生物活性的降解产物,如硫氰酸酯,异硫氰酸酯和腈等。上述硫代葡萄糖苷及其降解产物在植物病虫害防御、食品风味形成以及人体癌症治疗等方面均有重要作用。近年来,萝卜中硫代葡萄糖苷的生物合成途径及调控等方面的研究取得了较大进展。笔者综述了萝卜硫代葡萄糖苷的结构与种类、生物合成与降解以及影响因素等内容,旨在为萝卜硫苷的生物合成调控研究及其药食同源产品开发提供参考。

Research progress of glucosinolates in radish

Glucosinolates(GSLs)are sulfur-and nitrogen-rich secondary metabolites,which distribute in cruciferous plants widely.In radish,the concentration and variety of glucosinolates is relatively high.Additionally,the concentration of glucoraphasatin(GRH)is the highest among the all GSLs of radish.Glucosinolates can be hydrolyzed by myrosinase to release highly biologically active products,such as thiocyanates,isothiocyanates and nitriles.Glucosinolates and their degraded products play important roles in deterring herbivores and pathogens of plant,food flavor formation and anticancer in the diet.Recently,researches on the biosynthetic pathway and regulation of glucosinolates in radish have been made great progress.In this paper,we reviewed the structures and types,the biosynthesis and degradation pathways,and influence factors of GSLs in radish,which would provide references for deciphering the biosynthesis and regulation of GSLs and developing the medicine and food homologous products of radish in future.