砀山酥梨果实发育期间树体矿质元素含量的 变化及其相关性分析

以砀山酥梨为材料,研究了果实发育过程中,果实、叶片以及一年生枝条内各主要矿质元素含量的变化规律及其在各器官间的相关性,以期为砀山酥梨合理适时施肥提供参考。结果表明,果实发育过程中,叶片内N、P、K、Zn、Cu、B含量呈下降趋势,Ca、Fe和Mn含量呈上升趋势,而Mg、S含量变化不显著;一年生枝条内N、P、K、Mg、S、Cu、Zn和B含量总体呈下降趋势,Ca和Mn含量呈上升趋势,Fe含量呈波动性变化;果实内N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Cu、Zn和B含量呈先下降后稳定的趋势,Fe含量先显著下降,后呈现出波动性变化。叶片中N、P、K、Cu、Zn、B含量间均表现出极显著的正相关,Ca含量与K、B呈极显著负相关,Mn和N、P、K呈极显著负相关;1年生枝条中N、P、K、Cu、Zn含量之间呈显著正相关,Ca与Fe含量呈极显著负相关,Mn和K含量呈极显著负相关;果实中Fe含量与B含量呈显著正相关,其余各元素间呈极显著正相关。叶片中N、P、K、Zn、B和果实、一年生枝条中对应的矿质元素含量均呈极显著正相关。砀山酥梨植株中营养元素的分配,随着生长中心的转移而变化,施肥时要根据矿质元素的变化特点,有针对性地提前施入。

Changes and correlations of mineral contents in 'Dangshansu' pear during fruit development

In order to explore the accumulation characteristics of minerals during the development of'Dangshansu'pear fruit,the changes of main mineral elements in fruits,leaves and 1-year-old branches were studied.The results showed that during the fruit development,the contents of N,P,K,Zn,Cu and B decreased,while the contents of Ca,Fe and Mn increased in the leaf.The contents of Mg and S in the leaf showed no remarkable changes.In the one-year-old branch,the contents of N,P,K,Mg,S,Cu,Zn and B decreased,while the contents of Ca and Mn increased.The content of Fe was fluctuant during the fruit development.I the fruit,the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Mn,Cu,Zn and B decreased firstly and then had no remarkable changes and the content of Fe decreased significantly firstly,and then showed a fluctuating change.In the leaf,the contents of N,P,K,Cu,Zn and B showed a positive correlation (P＜0.01),while the Ca content was negatively correlated with the contents of K and B (P＜0.01) and the Mn content was negatively correlated with the contents of N,P and K (P＜0.01).In the one-year-old shoot,the contents of N,P,K,Cu and Zn showed positive correlation (P＜0.05),while the Ca content was negatively correlated with the Fe content (P＜0.01),and the Mn content was negatively correlated with the K content (P＜0.01).In the fruit,the content of Fe and B showed positive correlation (P＜0.05),and the contents of other elements also showed positive correlation (P＜0.01).There were significant positive correlations among N,P,K,Zn and B in the leaf,fruit and one-year-old shoot (P＜0.01).The mineral contents in'Dangshansu'pear were changing during the fruit development;therefore,the fertilization should be conducted based on the change characteristics of mineral elements.