低密度条件下杂交小麦节水性能比较

目的]研究较低种植密度条件下杂交小麦的节水特性,为杂交小麦节水高产栽培提供种植方案。方法]采取春季不灌水(W_0)、灌1次水(W_1)和灌2次水(W_2)这3种限水灌溉方式及多点比较的试验方法,在低密度条件下比较了杂交小麦的比叶重、群体结构和产量构成。结果]在春季不灌水条件下,低密度种植的杂交小麦抗旱丰产性突出,产量水平显著高于常规小麦;在春季仅浇灌1次拔节水的情况下,W_1处理产量与W_2处理无明显差异;限水条件下,起身期和拔节期总茎数分别高于常规小麦10.7%和15.9%;W_2、W_1和W_0这3种灌溉方式下,杂交小麦分蘖成穗率分别为52.3%、48.7%和39.7%,对杂交小麦产量形成的直接影响从大到小表现为穗数、穗粒数、千粒重。结论]低密度种植条件下,杂交小麦具有突出的节水抗旱优势,较高的分蘖成穗率是杂交小麦实现节水高产的基础,穗数是实现杂交小麦稳产丰产的主要贡献要素。

Comparison of Water Saving Performance of Hybrid Wheat under Low Density Condition

Objective] To study the water saving characteristics of hybrid wheat under low planting density and provide planting plan for water saving and high-yield hybrid wheat cultivation.Method] Three irrigation methods in spring which were no irrigation (W0),irrigation one time (W1) and irrigation two times (W2),and multi-point comparison test methods were used to research specific leaf weight,population structure and yield components of hybrid wheat under low density conditions.Result] The drought resistance and yield of hybrid wheat with low density were prominent under the condition of no irrigation in spring,the yield level was significantly higher than that of common wheat.When irrigation was occured only once in spring,W2 had no significant difference.Under water-limited conditions,the total numbers of population in raising and jointing stage were 10.7％ and 15.9％ higher than that of common wheat respectively.Under the three irrigation modes of W2,W1 and W0,thepercentage of earring-tillers of hybrid wheat was 52.3％,48.7％ and 39.7％,respectively.The direct effects on the yield formation of hybrid wheat were spikes ＞ grains per spike ＞ 1 000-grain weight.Conclusion] Hybrid wheat had the advantage of water saving and drought resistance under the condition of low density planting.The higher the percentage of earring-tillers was the basis for high water saving and high yield of hybrid wheat.The spike number was the main contribution to the stable yield of hybrid wheat.