青州地区日光温室茄子棕榈蓟马的发生与防治

[目的]明确棕榈蓟马在温室茄子为害时期和为害部位,确定最佳防治时期和防治措施。[方法]于2015—2016年在山东省青州市朱良镇的日光温室内对茄子棕榈蓟马进行调查。[结果]调查显示,日光温室内茄子自2015年9月下旬定植到2016年6月底拔秧,期间都有棕榈蓟马为害。从定植开始到5月下旬,即使在采取防治措施情况下,棕榈蓟马的种群数量仍然呈上升趋势,5月下旬达到种群高峰期,单叶若虫数达54头;6月底拔秧期,农户采用高温闷棚等措施使棕榈蓟马种群数量急剧下降,但是弃棚后数量会上升,对周围其他作物造成危害。日光温室北侧靠近墙体植株上的棕榈蓟马数量偏多;东西方向棕榈蓟马数量呈现规律性波动;茄子上部幼嫩叶片上的棕榈蓟马数量较多,中部、下部数量较少。棕榈蓟马主要在叶背面为害,3、4、5、6月棕榈蓟马在叶片背面所占的比例分别为63%、63%、73%、71%;09:00—11:00和15:30—18:00,叶片上若虫与成虫的比例不同,上午若虫与成虫数量的比例为5∶1,下午为3∶1。棕榈蓟马成虫和若虫在茄子叶片上空间分布均为聚集分布,并具有密度依赖性。[结论]棕榈蓟马的防治适期为1月初结果期;棕榈蓟马成虫在傍晚比较活跃,施药能够起到很好的防控作用,叶片正反面均匀喷施农药,重点喷施温室的北侧及幼嫩叶片,茄子拉秧后及时防治,降低虫口基数,防止其对下茬作物造成危害或蔓延危害。

Occurrence and Prevention of Thrips palmi in Sunlight Greenhouse in Qingzhou Area

[Objective]The aim was to clear the damage of T.palmi on eggplant in greenhouse by time and location and determine the best control time and prevention measures.[Method]The T.palmi on eggplant in the solar greenhouse of Zhuliang Town,Qingzhou City of Shan-dong Province was investigated from 2015 to 2016.[Result]The T.palmi continuously damaged from September in 2015,the period of plant-ing of the eggplant to June in 2016,the period of seedling pulling.The population quantity increased from planting of eggplant to 20th of May and reached the peak at the last ten days of May,the number of T.palmi adult on per leaf was 54.At the end of June evulsing period, farmers using high temperature disinfection measures such as the number of T.palmi population declined sharply, but the number of abandoned shed will rise, causing harm to other crops.The number of T.palmi on the eggplants planted near the windbreak at north side of the solar green-house was higher than that on the eggplants planted at other position.The number of T.palmi in the east and west direction regularly fluctua-ted.The number of T.palmi on young leaves at the upper part of the eggplant was much more than that on the leaves at middle part and bot-tom of the eggplant.T.palmi mainly damaged on the back of the leaves,the proportion of T.palmion the back of the leaves of eggplant were 63%,63%,73% and 71%, respectively from March to June.The proportion of nymphs and adults on the leaves was different between 09:00-11:00 and 15:30-18:00,and the proportion of nymphs to adults in the morning was 5:1,and 3:1 in the afternoon.The spatial dis-tribution of the adult and nymph of T.palmi on the leaves of eggplant were both clustered and density-dependent.[Conclusion]The results of this study show that the optimum period for the prevention and control of T.palmi in early January the period;active adult T.palmi in the eve-ning, the prevention and control of pesticide can play a good role in the prevention of leaf,negative positive uniform spraying,and the young leaves on the north side of key spraying greenhouse,eggplant harvest after timely treatment,reduce pest base,prevent due to the crop damage or harm spread.