几种苹果砧木抗重茬效果比较试验

以新引进的抗重茬砧木AM1及已有的平邑甜茶、八棱海棠、M9T337为试材,通过生长量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶片光合参数、根系生长及活力研究,评价4种砧木耐重茬能力。结果表明,AM1、平邑甜茶在重茬土与正常土的株高没有显著差异,八棱海棠、M9T337在重茬土的株高均显著低于正常土;平邑甜茶、八棱海棠、M9T337在重茬土的新梢生长量、叶鲜重均显著低于正常土,AM1却表现出二者之间无显著差异;AM1、平邑甜茶、八棱海棠、M9T337叶片叶绿素含量显著下降,但AM1下降幅度最小(12.8%),其次是平邑甜茶(17.9%);AM1、平邑甜茶叶片净光合速率无显著变化,八棱海棠、M9T337叶片净光合速率显著降低;重茬土的4种砧木根系均显著增大,但AM1增加幅度最小,根系总长度、表面积、体积、根尖数较正常土仅增加38.7%、20.2%、1.8%、48.4%;重茬土的根系活力显著降低,以AM1降低幅度最小(15.0%)。综合来看,AM1表现出很好的抗重茬能力,其次是平邑甜茶、八棱海棠,M9T337抗重茬能力最弱。

Comparative Test on Several Anti-heavy Apple Rootstocks

The new introduced anti-heavy apple rootstocks AM1 and the existing Pingyi sweet tea,eight-sided sea bream and M9T337 were used as test materials,the tolerance of 4 rootstocks to heavy stubble was evaluated through the study of growth,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic parameters of leaves,root growth and vigor.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the AM1 and the flat soil of Pingyi sweet tea and the height of normal soil.The plant height of the eight-sided sea bream and the M9T337 heavy-soil was significantly lower than that of the normal soil,Pingyi sweet tea,eight-sided sea bream and M9T337.The growth rate and fresh weight of new shoots of rootstock were significantly lower than that of normal soil.The newly introduced anti-heavy rootstock AM1 showed no significant difference between them;the chlorophyll content of AM1,Pingyi sweet tea,eight-sided sea bream and M9T337 leaves significantly decreased,but AM1 decreased the least(12.8%),followed by Pingyi sweet tea(17.9%).There was no significant change in the net photosynthetic rate of AM1 and Pingyi sweet tea leaves.The net photosynthetic rate of malus robusta and M9T337 leaves decreased significantly.The root structure of the 4 rootstocks treated increased significantly,but the increase of AM1 was the smallest.The total length,surface area,volume and root tip of the root tips were only in creased 38.7%,20.2%,1.8% and 48.4%.Root activity of heavy bauxite soil decreased significantly.and the AM1 reduction was the smallest (15.0%).On the whole,AM1 showed good resistance to heavy sputum,followed by Pingyi sweet tea and eight-sided sea bream.M9T337 had the weakest anti-heavy ability.