城市公园绿地布局公平性精准化评价方法研究——以北京市海淀区为例

为提升城市公园绿地使用效率,查找公园绿地分布布局短板,基于公平理念,借助地理信息系统(GIS),从城市公园绿地服务能力与社区人群需求出发,利用分级公园绿地服务覆盖率、地均绿地服务水平、人均绿地服务水平区位熵及可达性指标,通过优化可达性评价模型,提出城市公园绿地空间公平性精准化评价方法;并以北京市海淀区为例,对北京市海淀区城市公园绿地空间分布公平性进行实证研究。研究结果显示:海淀区大尺度城市公园绿地供给充足;海淀区社区型游憩绿地供给有待提高;海淀区"三山五园"建设极大地提高了社区绿地可达性。基于研究结果,建议增加社区级城市公园绿地面积及增加社区到达绿地空间的便捷性。实证研究表明,提出的城市公园绿地空间公平性精准化评价模式能为城市公园绿地的更新及规划决策提供依据。

Method of accurately evaluating spatial equity of urban park green space:a case study of Haidian District,Beijing

A method of accurately evaluating the spatial equity of urban park green space oriented by the theory of green space equity and helped with geographic information system (GIS) was proposed by optimizing the accessibility evaluation model starting from service capability of urban park green space and human demands and using indicators including effective green space service capacity,multi- threshold green space service coverage,accessibility,and location entropy of green space service per capita to improve the use efficiency of the urban park green spaces and find shortcomings in the distribution/layout of park green spaces. A case study of Haidian District in Beijing was conducted as an empirical study for spatial equity of urban park green space in Haidian District. The results showed that the supply of large-scale urban parks in Haidian District was sufficient. The supply of community -based recreational green space in Haidian District needs to be improved. Royal Mountains and Gardens of Beijing Western Suburbs construction greatly improved the accessibility of community green space. Based on the results,it is recommended to increase the green area of community-level urban parks and increase the convenience of community access to green space. It is indicated that the method of accurately evaluating the spatial equity of urban park green space proposed can provide a basis for the renewal and planning decisions of urban park green space.