纸及秸秆基可降解营养钵的降解性能试验

选取纸质、不腐熟秸秆和腐熟秸秆3种生物基可降解营养钵,对其降解率、分子结构及结晶度进行分析。通过土埋降解试验、红外图谱分析及X射线衍射分析,对比研究不同类型生物基可降解营养钵的降解特性。结果表明,纸质营养钵降解率最终高达85%,降解效果最好。不腐熟秸秆营养钵的降解率为78%,大于腐熟秸秆营养钵的降解率47%。降解试验前后对比发现,生物基营养钵的红外吸收峰强度均不同程度的降低,分子结构发生变化,3340和2920 cm-1处吸收峰强度降低说明纤维素、半纤维素发生降解,1650 cm-1处的吸收峰降低说明木质素发生降解。经8周降解试验,纸质营养钵X射线衍射峰变化明显,强度明显降低,降解效果较好,不腐熟秸秆营养钵和腐熟秸秆营养钵在2θ=27°均出现新的衍射峰,晶型发生变化。生物基可降解营养钵降解性能优异,可有效改善环境污染问题。

Degradation performance experiment of paper and straw-based seedling pot

Most of the articles about the degradation performance of biodegradable nursery pots were focused on degradation morphology, strength of pot body, changes of soil, effect of raising seedings and so on. However, it rarely study on degradation rate, molecular structure of degradation process and changes of crystallinity. In order to study the degradation performance of biodegradable nursery pots, three types containing paper pot, undecomposed straw pot and decomposed straw pot were used to carry out the experiment in this paper. The degradation rate, molecular structure and crystallinity were evaluated and analyzed through the experiments of degradation test in soil, Fourier infrared scanning and x-ray diffraction. It is necessary to have a further research on degradation performance of biodegradable nursery containers and mechanism of degradation. The results showed that the degradation rate of paper pot with the best degradation property was growing at a rate of about 2 times. The maximum degradation rate was up to 85%. The undecomposed straw pot has always maintained a stable and increasing degradation rate. The undecomposed straw pot with degradation rate of 78% in the eighth week was higher than that of decomposed straw pot. The changes of mass loss and degradation rate were likely to be affect by a variety of microbial community structure. On the one hand, due to partial degradation of cellulose and semicellulose, the remaining part kept stable performance. On the other hand, the changes of microbial structure and activity affected the degradation performance. By comparison, FTIR absorption strength of the biodegradable nursery pots was decreased in different degree due to the changes of molecular structure during biodegradation. The absorption strength of paper pot decreased in the location of 3340 cm–1 and 2920 cm–1 indicated that the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. In addition, the relative peak of 1640 cm–1 and 1460 cm–1 decreased with the further degradation, showing that lignin was degraded in the biological reaction. The peak strength of CH stretch band was enhanced obviously at 892 cm–1. It showed that the substitution reaction of aromatic ring was an important part of the degradation process of lignin. The main group structure of undecomposed straw pot and decomposed straw pot were basically the same. The absorption peaks strength decreased at 3340 cm–1 and 1010 cm–1 might be due to the oxidative decomposition of benzene methanol unit. The peak strength of CH stretch band decreased at 2920 cm–1 probably because of the decomposition of carbohydrates and the fracture of partial fatty chain. The degradation of lignin resulted in the decrease of peak strength of 1650 cm–1. The x-ray diffraction peak intensity of paper pot with the best degradation property decreased obviously after 8 weeks test. The diffraction peak disappeared at 2θ=15.6°. At the same time, The intensity of diffraction peak decreased at 2θ=22.5°. In addition, it appeared new diffraction peaks at 2θ=27° of undecomposed straw pot and decomposed straw pot. This might be due to the changes of crystalline which caused by the degradation of straw. The biodegradable nursery containers with excellent degradation property could improve the problem of environmental pollution effectively.