苹果属种质资源亲缘关系的SSR分析

应用SSR技术对59份苹果属材料进行基因组的多态性分析,从20对引物中筛选出12对SSR引物扩增出176个等位基因,平均每个位点14.7个等位基因。位点杂合度为0.4039～0.7412,遗传多样性指数为0.6156。用3对引物(CH02a04、CH02g04和CH01f03b)即可区分全部供试材料。NTSYS软件进行相似系数计算,UPGMA法聚类分析将59份苹果属材料分为3大类群,即栽培品种、地方品种和新疆的野生苹果、野生种或其变种。栽培品种中具有相同亲本起源的品种被紧密地聚到了一起,相似系数较高;地方品种与新疆的野生苹果的聚类相互交错,呈现出新疆的野生苹果作为东亚基因中心的起源种与中国各地方品种在起源演化上的相关性;各野生种及其变种类型均聚到了一起,与传统的系谱基本一致。

Analysis of genetic relationship for Malus germplasm resources by SSR markers

Genomic polymorphism of 59 Malus materials was analyzed by using SSR markers.12 pairs of SSR primers selected from 20 pairs amplified 176 alleles, with an average of 9.5 alleles per locus. Locus heterozygosity was 0.403 9 to 0.741 2, and the genetic diversity index was 0.615 6. Three pairs of primers (CHO2a04,CHO2g04 and CH01f03b) could distinguish all of the Malus materials. Based on the SSR results, the similarity coefficient was calculated by using NTSYS software, and also UPGMA cluster analysis showed that all Malus materials could be classified into three groups. Those are the cultivars, regional species and wild apple species in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, together with wild apple species or their varieties. The cultivars with the same origin of parentage clustered together, and the similarity coefficient between each other was high. The clustering of regional species and wild apple species in Xinjiang intersected each other. This indicated that as the genesis of gene center in East Asia wild apple species in Xinjiang originated and evolved correlatively with regional species in China. Finally all the wild apple species and their varieties clustered together, similarly to the traditional classification.