川西北高寒草地退化成因及恢复对策

川西北高寒草地是长江和黄河上游重要的生态屏障,在水土保持、生物多样性保育和区域气候调节等方面具有不可替代的作用.川西北高寒草地的严重退化正危及着草地资源的可持续利用和高原生态环境安全.本文借鉴国内外相关研究,综合认为草地生态环境的脆弱性是川西北高寒草地退化的内因,人类不合理的利用和干扰（草地开垦、旅游开发和过度放牧等）是川西北高寒草地退化的主要驱动力,气候变暖、草原鼠虫害频发及草地管理不善等加速了川西北高寒草地的退化.提出了依据草地退化成因,以科技为主导,以草定畜、提高出栏率,轻度和中度退化草地进行草地改良和围栏,重度退化草地进行栽培草地建植,同时结合草地合理开发和鼠、虫害综合治理,加强草地监测、人才建设与加快科技成果推广和转化的恢复举措.

Formation Reasons and Restoration Strategy of the Alpine Degraded Grassland in Northwest of Sichuan

The alpine grassland in northwest of Sichuan is an important ecological barrier to the upper rea- ches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and plays an irreplaceable role in conserving water and soil, nursing biodiversity, and regulating regional climate. The serious degradation of the alpine grassland in this region is now endangering the sustainable utilization of grassland resources and the plateau ecologi- cal environment security. This paper deals with the formation reason of the alpine degraded grassland by use of the research achievements both at home and abroad. It is found that the fragile ecological environ- ment is the intrinsic factor, which has caused the alpine grassland to degrade in northwest of Sichuan. Mo- reover,the unreasonable utilization and disturbance （e. g. , reclamation of grassland, tourism develop- ment,and overgrazing） are the major driving force for the grassland degradation. Additionally, the global warming, grassland rodents and insects and grassland mismanagement accelerate the degradation of the al- pine grassland. Therefore, it is very important to restore the alpine degraded grassland on the basis of these formation reasons. Moreover,using scientific methods （e. g. ,the development of livestock production ac- cording to carrying capacity, increase of marketing rate of livestock, and establishment of artificial fence） will benefit the restoration of alpine grassland.