生物炭：一种新型改良剂能修复矿物、工业以及污水废弃物污染的土壤

Biochar: An emerging panacea for remediation of soil contaminants from mining, industry and sewage wastes

Mine tailings, waste rock piles, acid mine drainage, industrialwastewater, and sewage sludge have contaminated a vast area ofcultivable and fallow lands, with a consequence of deterioration ofsoil and water quality and watercourses due to the erosion ofcontaminated soils for absence of vegetative cover.High concentrationsof toxic elements, organic contaminants, acidic soils, and harshclimatic conditions have made it difficult to re-establish vegetationand produce crops there. Recently, a significant body of work hasfocussed on the suitability and potentiality of biochar as a soilremediation tool that increases seed emergence, soil and cropproductivity, above ground biomass, and vegetation cover on minetailings, waste rock piles, and industrial and sewagewaste-contaminated soils by increasing soil nutrients and water-holdingcapacity, amelioration of soil acidity, and stimulation of microbialdiversity and functions. This review addresses: i) the functionalproperties of biochar, and microbial cycling of nutrients in soil; ii)bioremediation, especially phytoremediation of mine tailings,industrial waste, sewage sludge, and contaminated soil using biochar;iii) impact of biochar on reduction of acid production, acid minedrainage treatment, and geochemical dynamics in mine tailings; and iv)treatment of metal and organic contaminants in soils using biochar, andrestoration of degraded land.