柬埔寨不同移栽期对烤烟生长和产质量的影响

为确定适宜移栽期，提高柬埔寨烤烟产质量，于2015—2016年采用烤烟品种‘粤烟98’和‘云烟87’，设置3个移栽期梯度试验，调查烤烟生长发育及产质量。试验结果表明：与当地习惯移栽期相比，2个品种提早10天移栽，整体农艺性状提高，烟株高度、叶数、腰叶长度分别增加4.5 cm、1片、0.6~2.0 cm；经济性状显著提高，每公顷烟叶产量、产值、每公斤均价、上等烟比例分别增加117.0~121.5 kg、6682.5~6905.7元、1.7~2.1元、4.5~12.5个百分点，差异达显著水平；烤后烟叶外观质量得分提高0.5~1.5分，糖碱比和氮碱比提高、整体协调性转好；而推迟10天移栽的处理，烟株农艺性状、烟叶经济性状、原烟外观和内在品质则表现出相反趋势。因此，在柬埔寨磅湛省烤烟生产上，12月初为最佳移栽期，即在当前季节提前10天移栽有利于烟株生长和烟叶产质量提高。

Effects of Different Transplanting Periods on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Cambodia

The aim of this investigation was to determine the best transplanting period of flue-cured tobacco in Cambodia. A field experiment with three different transplanting periods was conducted to determine the effects on growth and development, yield and quality of ‘Yueyan 98’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ flue-cured tobacco in 2015-2016. The results showed that compared with the normal transplanting period, the two varieties that transplanted early 10 days had better performance in agronomical characteristics, for instance, the plant height, leaf number and leaf length increased by 4.5 cm, 1 piece, 0.6-2.0 cm. The economical characteristics increased significantly, per hectare yield of tobacco leaves, output value, the average price per kilogram, the proportion of superior tobacco leaves were increased by 117.0-121.5 kg, 6682.5-6905.7 yuan, 1.7-2.1 yuan, 4.5-12.5 percentage points, the differences at significant level. The appearance quality score increased by 0.5-1.5, the ratios of sugar to nicotine and nitrogen to nicotine were increased, and the overall coordination was improved, with the transplanting date postponed for 10 days, the agronomical and economical characteristics, chemical components, appearance quality showed the opposite trend. Therefore, early December is the best transplanting period in Kompong Cham of Cambodia, in the current season 10 days in advance to facilitate the growth of tobacco plants and tobacco production and quality improvement.