特早熟陆地棉熟性产量品质的遗传相关分析

应用5个特早熟陆地棉品种进行完全双列杂交,对亲本、F1、F2三个世代研究表明:子棉产量、皮棉产量、单株结铃数以显性效应为主,加性次之;单铃重以加性效应为主,显性次之;衣分以显性效应为主,无加性效应,有微弱的上位性效应。生育期、霜前花率、铃期等早熟性状以加性效应为主,显性次之。纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、马克隆值、伸长率、纺纱均匀指数、反射率等品质性状以加性效应为主,显性和上位性效应较小或者不存在。环境因素对产量、熟性及品质等性状均有极显著的影响效应。遗传和表型相关分析得出,子棉、皮棉产量与单株结铃数、衣分、霜前花率间均呈(极)显著正相关,与单铃重、生育期均呈(极)显著负相关。纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、纺纱均匀指数三个性状间均呈极显著正相关,与马克隆值、霜前花率间均呈极显著负相关,与其他早熟性状和子、皮棉产量间均呈(极)显著正相关。马克隆值与产量、早熟性状间的相关性正好与以上三性状相反,均达(极)显著水平。

Genetic Correlation Analysis of Early Maturity Yield and Quality in Special-early Mature Gossypium hirsutum L.

Complete diallel cross was carried out using five special-early mature Gossypium hirsutum L. varieties, Parental, F1, F2 as three generations were experimentally investigated. The results showed that: seed cotton yield, lint yield, number of bolls per plant existed significant dominant effects, additive effects were second. Boll weight existed significant additive effects, dominant effects were second. Lint percentage existed significant dominant effects and weak epistatic effects, no additive effect. Early maturity traits such as growth period, flowering rate before frost and boll stage existed significant additive effects, dominant effects were second. The average fiber length of upper half, breaking strength, micronaire, elongation, spinning evenly index, reflectivity, and other quality traits existed significant additive effects, dominance effects and epistatic effects were smaller or nonexistent. Environmental factors had very significant effects on the yield, earliness and fiber quality traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlation analysis showed that there were a (very) significant positive correlation among seed cotton yield and lint yield with number of bolls per plant, lint percentage and flowering rate before frost, a (very) significant negative correlation with boll weight and growth period. There were a (very) significant positive correlation among the average fiber length of upper half, breaking strength and spinning uniform index and a (very) significant negative correlation with micronaire and flowering rate before frost, a (very) significant positive correlation with other early maturing traits and seed cotton yield and lint yield. There were a (very) significant negative correlation between micronaire value and yield and early maturing traits.