水稻雄性不育细胞质和核质互作的遗传表现

选用两个恢复系 IR_(24)、IR_(30),两个带有野败细胞质的置换系(W)IR_(24)、(W)IR_(30),以及由它们与雄性不育系(W)朝阳1号 A 和(G)朝阳1号 A 及其共同保持系朝阳1号 B 配制的16个F_1杂种,研究野败和冈型细胞质及核质互作的遗传表现。结果表明;①细胞核相同或类似而细胞质不同的核质组合,呈现出不同程度的细胞质效应。野败和冈型细胞质对单株产量、结实率、实粒数、着粒密度、穗颈长和株高有显著效应,对千粒重,最高分蘖数、有效穗数、抽穗期和穗长的影响不明显。相关分析揭示,这两种雄性不育细胞质对产量的负作用主要是通过实粒数而实现的。②在不同的核背景下,这两种细胞质的效应程度很不一样,涉及的性状包括产量、总粒数、实粒数、株高,穗颈长和结实率等。作者认为,这是核质互作现象。文中还对核质互作效应、雄性不育细胞质的副作用及解决的可能措施等问题进行了讨论。

EFFECTS OF MALE STERILE CYTOPLASMS AND NUCLEO-CYTOPLASMIC INTERACTIONS ON THE GENETIC PERFORMANCE OF RICE

To study the perfornlance of cms-W and-G cytoplasms and nueleo- cytoplasmic interactions the following materials were employed:two res- torer lines with cms-W cytoplasm (from the wild abortive rice plant, Oryza sativa L.f.spontanea),W-IR_(24) and W-IR_(30),and sixteen F_1 hybrids obtained by crossing the four lines with two male sterile lines,W-and G- Chaoyang No.1A (with the cytoplasm from Gambiaka Kokum,O.sativa L.Indica),and their common maintainer line Chaoyang No.1B,were employed.The results were shown as follows: 1)Those entries originated with the same genotypes but different cyto- plasms varied in degree of their cytoplasmic effects.Both cms-W and -G exhibited significant influences on grain yield,seed set,number of gra- ins,and filled grains,grain density,panicle exsertion,and plant height, but no apparent effects on 1000-grain weight,number of tillers and effective tillers,heading time and panicle length.Simple correlation analysis indi- cated that effects of the two cytoplasms on grain yield,sere mainly via such a character as number of filied grains. 2)Cms-Wor-G varied in their effects with certain degree indiffe- rent nuclear backgrounds,and some of the effects were considered as nu- cleo-cytoplasmic interactions,at least in the cases that expressed in grain yield,number of grains and filled grains,plant height,panicle exsertion, and seed set. Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions,the side effects of cms-W and-G, and potential ways to deal with them were also discussed