2001-2002年贵州省遵义市地方性氟中毒状况的流行病学调查

目的:了解遵义市地方性氟中毒病区燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒流行情况。方法:采用分层抽样法对遵义市地方性氟中毒病区的8个县(区、市)内的中心区和边缘区儿童氟斑牙、尿氟和成人氟中毒临床症状体症、生活习性、环境介质氟含量进行调查。结果:16岁以上成人临床氟中毒阳性检出率为22.54%,检出率以习水县最高,为80.12%;遵义县最低,临床氟中毒检出率为0;女性发病高于男性。16岁以上成人氟斑牙检出率为56.64%,缺损型检出率为18.49%,氟斑牙指数1.51,边缘区高于中心区。8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为37.50%,缺损型检出率为4.34%,氟斑牙指数为0.78,边缘区高于中心区,尿氟均值0.91m g/L,标准差1.62m g/L。环境介质调查,室内存放辣椒、玉米含量均值分别为160.57、19.67m g/L。结论:遵义市燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病情以轻度为主,但部分病区县流行强度较显著,主要通过室内敞炉灶燃煤导致煤烟氟污染室内空气和烘炕的辣椒而摄入大量氟所致。

Epidemiological investigation of endemic fluorosis in Zunyi city of Gui Zhou province from 2001 to 2002

Objective: To understand the epidemic situation of endemic fluorosis induced by coal-burning pollution in Zunyi city.Methods: The stratified sampling was used to investigate the child fluorine spot tooth,urine fluoride,clinical symptom of adult fluorosis,life habit,fluoride content of environment medium in central areas and fringe areas of 8 wards(counties).Results: The average fluorosis rate of patients above 16 years old was 22.54%(in female higher than in male),with the highest of 80.12% in Xishui count,and the lowest of 0 in Zunyi couty;In adult above 16 years old,the average clinical rate of fluorine spot tooth was 56.64%,of the defective tooth was 18.49%,and the index of fluorine spot tooth was 1.51,with higher average rate of adult fluorine spot tooth in the fringe area than that in the central area;In children between 8 and 12 years old,the average clinical rate of fluorine spot tooth was 37.50%,of the defective tooth was 4.34%,and the index of fluorine spot tooth was 0.78,with the higher average rate in the fringe area than that in the central area;The average value of urinates fluoride was 0.91mg/L,with the standard deviation of 1.62mg/L;for the environment medium,the average fluoride value from the chilli and corn deposited in rooms was 160.57mg/L and 19.67mg/L,respectively.Conclusion: Coal-burning mostly induces mild endemic fluorosis in Zunyi,but remarkably severer in some wards.All are mainly caused by massive intake of the fluoride that comes from the fluoride pollution of coal-burning in the opened furnace and chilli dried Kang.