信阳毛尖与黄山毛峰及西湖龙井的香气成分分析

以信阳、黄山、杭州的茶树鲜叶为原料,分别加工成信阳毛尖、黄山毛峰、西湖龙井,其中信阳的鲜叶由3个公司加工成3个信阳毛尖茶样,共5个茶样,采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE法)提取香气物质,结合感官审评和GC–MS,分析3种名优绿茶的香气特点及成分构成。结果表明:3个信阳毛尖茶样香气均表现为清香,黄山毛峰茶样香气馥郁带兰花香,西湖龙井茶样香气浓郁带高火香;5个茶样共检测出香气成分74种,其中共有香气成分24种,5个茶样中的香气成分均以醇类物质的含量最高;信阳毛尖茶样中含量较高的成分有β–芳樟醇、壬醛、环氧芳樟醇、反香叶醇、δ–杜松烯、反–橙花叔醇、棕榈酸、反式植醇;黄山毛峰茶样含量较高的成分有棕榈酸、β–芳樟醇、反香叶醇、壬醛、己醛、反式植醇、环氧芳樟醇、庚醛,且在黄山毛峰茶样中检测出苯乙醛、脱氢芳樟醇2种独有的令人愉悦的香气成分;西湖龙井茶样含量较高的成分有β–芳樟醇、反香叶醇、环氧芳樟醇、壬醛、顺氧化芳樟醇、己醛、δ–杜松烯、δ–杜松醇,西湖龙井茶样中检测出烷烃类和吡嗪类物质的数量较多,但未检测出棕榈酸。

Analysis on aroma components of Xinyangmaojian tea and Huangshanmaofeng tea and Xihulongjing tea

The fresh leaves of spring tea chosen from Xinyang, Huangshan and Hangzhou, were processed into Xinyang maojian, Huangshanmaofeng and Xihulongjing, respectively. Five samples, which three were Xinyangmaojian samples from 3 different corporations and the other two were Huangshanmaofeng and Xihulongjing, were used to extract the aromatic matter with the method of simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), and the characteristics and components of the aromatic matter were analyzed by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and sensory evaluation. The results indicated that clean aroma was manifested from the three samples of Xinyang- maojian, sweet orchid flavour revealed from Huangshanmaofeng and scorch aromasent out from Xihulongjing. 74 aroma compounds were detected from the 5 samples, 24 of them were shared by all samples. Alcohols took most part of the aroma constituents. The main aroma compounds of Xinyangmaojian tea were beta linalool, nonanal, epoxy linalol, trans-geraniol, delta-cadinene, trans-nerolidol, palmitic acid and trans-phytol respectively. The main aroma compounds of Huangshanmaofeng tea were palmitic acid, beta linalool, trans-geraniol, nonanal, hexanal, trans-phytol, epoxy linalol, heptanal, benzene acetaldehyde, and two unique aroma matters of phenylacetaldehyde and hotrienol. The main aroma constituents in the Xihulongjing tea were beta linalool, trans-geraniol, epoxylinalol, nonanal, cis-oxide linalool, hexanal,delta cadinene and delta cadinol, and there were more alkane and pyrazine compounds in Xihulongjing tea than the other two teas, but the palmitic acid was not detected.