无患子种实形态及经济性状的地理变异

对我国无患子分布区7个产地的种实形态性状及种仁含油率进行取样测定.方差分析结果表明,种实各性状在产地内单株间的变异程度不同,但多数性状在多数产地内均存在丰富的变异,在产地内进行单株选择是可行的.在不同产地间,无患子种实各性状均存在显著差异,河南西峡产地果实和种子较大,与其它产地间差异显著.无患子种仁含油率产地间变异系数最小,与地理气候因子间不存在明显的相关性,而种子质量、种子出仁率在不同产地间变异系数相对较大,且与种实大小显著正相关,可以通过选择较大的果实、种子来提高产油量.聚类及相关性分析表明,在一定程度上,无患子种实大小和种子出仁率有从低纬度产地向高纬度产地变大的变异趋势,因此无患子高产油单株的选择应重点在较高纬度产地果实、种子较大的个体中进行.

Study on Geographic Variation of Morphology and Economic Character of Fruit and Seed of Sapindus mukorossi

The morphological characters of fruit, seed and kernel oil content of Sapindus mukorossi in 7 producing areas were investigated. The results of variance analysis showed that the degrees of characters variation were different among individuals in these producing areas, but most characters had wide range of variation in most producing areas, so individual selection was effective. However, all characters had significant differences among producing areas. The producing area of Xixia County of He'nan Province had obvious differentiation from the others, and with bigger fruits and seeds. The oil content of kernel, with the smallest variation coefficient, had no obvious correlation with geographical factors of different producing areas. In contrast, the seed weight and kernel rate had larger variation coefficient among different producing areas, and they had significant positive correlations with the size of fruits and seeds. So it is feasible to raise oil content by selecting big fruits and seeds. Cluster and correlation analysis showed that, to a certain degree, there was a variation trend that the fruit size, seed size and kernel rate grew larger in the low-latitude producing areas than in the high-latitude producing areas. Therefore, selecting high oil content individuals should be carried out mainly in high-latitude producing area, and focused on these individuals with big fruits and seeds.