少免耕小麦高产群体生长模式及其控制技术的研究

1983-1987年在江苏淮南地区稻板茬上进行一系列试验表明:少免耕小麦具有早发、根量较多集于表土、中后期易脱力早衰等特性。其高产群体的形成可从下列方面数量化地归纳成生长模式:小麦生理年龄与季节进程优化同步;茎蘖动态与生育进程优化同步;LAI及干物量依生育进程合理发展。模式的调控,首先应在最佳播种期内,据茬口、墒情优选少免耕播种方式与配套播种程序;其次据供肥需肥特性,因土确定基、追肥数量,按苗类决定拔节孕穗肥施用时期与数量;并还以化学措施与农艺结合的方法控制草害与小麦倒伏。

MODELLING HIGH YIELD POPULATION GROWTH OF WHEAT WITH MINIMUM OR NO-TILLAGE TECHNIQUES

A series of experiment for the high yield of wheat production with minimum or no-tillage was carried out in the harvested rice field in the Huai Rive rwgions of Jiangsu from 1983 to 1987. The results indicatcd that the wheat seedling with minimum or no-tillagc grows rapidly at early stage, most of the root scattered in the surface soil (0-7cm), senescence often appeared during the middle to late stage, the formation or the high yield population were summarized quantitatively as follows: production has to synchronize the wheat physiological stages and the growing season, the tiller numbers and the developmental stagc, and LAI and dry material and the devolopment. In order to realize the models, the corresponding techniques included, (1) sowing method of minimum or no-tillage and the related techniques are established in accordance with the prcceding crop and soil moisture during the optimum sowing time; (2) the quantity of presowing and seedling fertilizer are determined based on the soil productivity, soil-supply and growing-demanding, and the quantity and applying time for the ear-developmant fertilizer are determincd based on growing situation; (3) the lodging during the late stage and weeds are controlled by the agronomic technique and the chemicals.