可移动水土流失实验室系统的原理及特点

可移动水土流失实验系统使固定的野外径流小区坡面侵蚀观测转变为车载流动试验观测.实践结果表明,该系统可实时对不同坡度的小区进行人工降雨模拟实验,分析侵蚀土壤理化性质和坡面侵蚀过程,极大地提高了水土流失观测的速度和效率.系统中液压自动升降坡面侵蚀土槽可根据试验要求稳定变化,且坡度可在0°～30°之间任意调整,加快了数据采集速度,缩短了试验周期,数据采集更加方便.针对长江流域土壤侵蚀特点对传统试验土槽做了改进,增加了壤中流收集装置,使得坡面侵蚀试验装置更趋合理.人工模拟降雨试验喷头模拟的雨强范围也明显增加,可在20～170 mm/h之间任意调整.

Working Principle and Basic Characteristics of Removable Laboratory System for Soil and Water Loss Measurement

A removable laboratory system of soil and water loss (RLSSWL) is proposed and developed. RLSSWL can substitute removable experimentation laboratory (vehicular) for the field and immovable soil on runoff plot. By adopting artificial rainfall simulation to runoff plot of different gradients,RLSSWL may be used to analyze soil physicochemical properties and soil erosion processes on hillslope and thus greatly improves the efficiency of soil loss observation. The erosion soil-bin has a hydraulic automatic rising device,as key part of RLSSWL,and soil-bin gradient can be adjusted from 0° to 30° according to different experiment requirements. Using RLSSWL may accelerate data collection,shorten experiment period,and make data collection more convenient. Based on the soil erosion characteristics in Yangtze River,an interflow collection device is added in RLSSWL. By improving the soil-bin,it becomes more practicable and rational to soil erosion experiment on hillslope. Meanwhile,rainfall intensity of artificial rainfall simulation has a wider range,which can be adjusted between 20 and 170 mm/h.