利用GIS划分黑龙江省森林可燃物类型区

本文采用黑龙江省各县的森林覆盖率、森林可燃物载量、林木组成、海拔、防火期月平均气温、相对湿度、风速和降水量8个因子,通过权重和累计概率的方法,应用ARC/INFO技术,并采用矢量图形法中的栅格数据矢量化法,把黑龙江省森林分布图和黑龙江省行政区划图绘成电子地图,然后将其叠加,再转换成大地坐标,从中提取相关数据,最后划分了5个等级的可燃物类型区。全省81个县(林业局)中一、二、三、四和五级森林可燃物类型区分别占全省总数的16%、17%、17%、11%、38%。一级森林可燃物类型区集中在大、小兴安岭、张广才岭、老爷岭等山地林区;五级森林可燃物类型区主要集中分布在松嫩平原、三江平原等地区;其它三种级别的森林可燃物类型区介于平原与山地之间。图2表4参8。

Division of forest fuel type areas of Heilongjiang Province by using GIS

Eight factors, including forest coverage, fuel load, species composition, elevation, monthly mean temperature, monthly mean relative humidity, monthly mean wind velocity, and monthly mean precipitation of fire season, were considered and the methods of weight, the cumulative probability, ARC/INFO technique, and raster-to-vector conversion were adopted in division of forest fuel type area. Firstly, the electronic maps of forest distribution and administrative divisions were built, then overlaid and transformed to the real-world coordinates. Finally, the forest fuel type areas of Heilongjiang Province including 81 counties were divided into five grades, accounting for 16%, 17%, 17%, 11%, and 38% respectively. The grade I fuel type areas with highest fire danger rating mainly distributed on Daxing’anling Mountains, Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, and Zhangguangcailing Mountains, the grade V fuel type areas mainly centralized on Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain, and other Plains, and other forest fuel type areas (grades II, III, and IV) were situated between plains and mountainous areas. Foundation item: The paper was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.39870636). Biography: SHAN Yan-long (1975-), male, assistant professor, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan