An epidemiological and genetic study on registered diseases in Finnish Ayrshire cattle. I. The data, disease occurrence and culling

The epidemiology and genetic variability of the most common dairy cow diseases were examined. This paper describes the data set, lactation incidence rates and culling during lactation. The data set consisted of the lactation records of 73,368 Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows. Each cow was under observation for 2 days before and 305 days after calving. Lactational incidence rates (%) for the most common diseases were: ovulatory dysfunction 7.0, ketosis 6.0, acute mastitis 5.4, an oestrus and suboestrus 5.2, retained placenta 4.5, parturient paresis 3.8 and teat injury 2.6. Multiple logistic regression was utilized to investigate the possible effects of certain factors on culling. The model predicted the log odds for culling as an additive function of the explanatory factors. Using the estimated odds and forming the odds ratios it was possible to investigate, relative risks between any combination of groups of the explanatory factors. The risk of culling increased with parity after the second parturition, and with increasing herd milk yield. Mastitis and parturient paresis had positive associations with culling, while ketosis and infertility had negative associations. Heritability estimates for culling in various parity groups were from 2 % to 9 % on the binomial scale corresponding from 5 % to 14 % on the normal scale. There was a neagtive genetic correlation between culling and previous milk production.