屎肠球菌对仔猪生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium, E. faecium)对仔猪生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响。选用平均体重19.7 kg左右的杜长金仔猪120头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组设3个重复,每个重复20头仔猪(公母各半)。对照组仅饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加屎肠球菌(菌含量为1×10⁶ CFU·g-1饲料)的基础日粮。结果表明：日粮中添加屎肠球菌能改善动物的生产性能,其中日增重提高了11.46% (P<0.05),料肉比降低了6.20% (P<0.05)；屎肠球菌能提高仔猪免疫和抗氧化功能,其中仔猪血清中白蛋白,IgA,IgG,C3,C4水平和溶菌酶活性分别提高了28.06%(P<0.05),16.48%(P<0.05),25.43%(P<0.05),37.84%(P<0.05),25.00%(P<0.05)和76.08%(P<005)；血清中谷胱甘肽含量提高了46.80%(P<0.01),但总超氧化物歧化酶活力降低了10.38%(P<0.05)。另外,日粮中添加屎肠球菌使仔猪粪中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌数量分别降低了15.37% (P<0.01) 和11.79% (P<0.05),乳酸菌数量增加了18.78% (P<0.05),细菌总数无明显变化。结果还表明,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加屎肠球菌能够显著促进断奶仔猪的生长,其机理可能在于屎肠球菌作为益生菌,其添加能够显著提高仔猪的特异性免疫和非特异免疫功能,并改善断奶仔猪肠道菌群结构。

Effects of Enterococcus faecium on growth performance, immune and antioxidant function of piglets

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of Enteroccus faecium on the growth performance, immune and antioxidant function of piglets. One hundred and twenty Duroc×Landracex×Jinhua crossbred piglets with average body weight of about 19.7 kg were randomly distributed in two treatment groups with three replicates of twenty pigs each. The control group was fed only with basal diet and the trial group was fed with basal diet supplemented with Enteroccus faecium(E. faecium 1×106 colony forming unit (CFU)·g-1 of feed). The results showed that compared with the control, supplementation of E. faecium significantly improved the growth performance of piglets, with the ADG increased by 11.46% (P<0.05) and F/G decreased by 6.20% (P<0.05). The immune function and antioxidant ability of the treated piglets were improved i.e. the concentration of albumin, the levels of IgA, IgG, the complement component 3 (C3), the complement component 4 (C4) and the lysozyme activity in serum increased by 28.06%(P<0.05), 16.48%(P<0.05), 25.43%(P<0.05), 37.84%(P<0.05), 25.00%(P<0.05) and 76.08%(P<0.05), respectively. The level of serum glutathione increased by 46.80%(P<0.01), whereas the total superoxide dismutase activity decreased by 10.38%(P<0.05). In addition, supplementation with E. faecium decreased the counts of Salmonella and Escherichia coli by 15.37% (P<0.01) and 11.79% (P<0.05) in piglets feces respectively, and increased the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts by 18.78% (P<0.05). This study indicated that supplementation of E. faecium could significantly improve the growth performance of piglets, and this may due to enhanced specific and non-specific immunity function, and improved intestinal flora composition．