试论天然林资源保护与国家生态安全

在国家安全诸因素中，生态安全是与军事、政治、经济、国土、文化和信息等安全同等重要的一个基本因素，是其它安全的基础或载体。天然林具有人工林不可比拟的生态优势。我国目前面临着比较严重的生态威胁，从天然林停伐开始，对森林资源的利用已从直接经济效益利用为主转变为对生态效益为主的多功能利用。建议建立“上下游利益互补机制”，向受益地区征收“生态税”，补偿给为天保工程作出贡献的上游地区。

Protection of Natural Forest Resource and National Security

Ecological security was a basic element of national security together with the security of military affairs, political, territory, culture and information etc. It was also the fundamental and carrier of other security elements. Natural forest held the ecological advantage over the general plantation. Undesirable ecological situation was a severe problem which threatened the national security. Starting from the implementation of "Logging Ban", the utilization of forest resources had been shifted from focusing on economic benefit to multiple use emphasizing the ecological function of forests. It was suggested to establish the compensation mechanism between the upper and lower reach of watershed, levying ecological tax from beneficial regions as the compensation for the upper reach for the contribution they made on the effective implementation of "National Natural Forest Protection Project".