Wnt信号通路在牛胎盘发育过程中的功能研究进展

胎盘是哺乳动物在妊娠期间胎儿和母体之间的联系枢纽，因此，胎盘发育是否正常在妊娠中起着关键的作用。Wnt信号通路在胚胎发育和胎盘形成的过程中有着重要的作用，作者通过回顾几条已经研究较为清楚的Wnt信号通路和牛早期胚胎和胎盘的形成过程，介绍了Wnt信号通路的组成部分在体细胞核移植（somatic cell nuclear transfer，SCNT）牛和正常人工授精的牛的胚胎早期表达，提出了DKK-1和Fzd4的表达对于早期胎盘形成和发育有特殊的作用。此外，抑制MAP2K和GSK3信号可以激活Wnt信号通路，增加内细胞团和滋养层细胞的数量，加速囊胚的发育。SCNT牛和正常人工授精的牛早期胎盘中E-cadherin和β-catenin蛋白的磷酸化程度相似，所以对于Wnt信号通路在牛胎盘的早期形成和发育中的作用还需进一步的了解和研究。

Research Progress on the Function of Wnt Signaling Pathway in the Development of Bovine Placenta

Placenta is the link between the fetus and the maternal body during pregnancy.Therefore, the pregnancy outcome of the key was related by the normal development of the placenta.Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of embryo and placenta formation, several Wnt pathways which have been clear study and the formation process of early embryo and placenta in cattle are reviewed in this article,the early expression of the Wnt pathway components in the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cattle and normal insemination of bovine embryos is introduced. The expression of DKK-1 and Fzd4 have a special role in the formation and development of early placenta, but its molecular mechanism is not clear. In addition, the Wnt signaling pathway is activated by inhibiting the MAP2K and GSK3, led to the inner cell mass and trophoblast cell number increased and blastocyst development speed. But it is similar to the extent of phosphorylation of E-cadherin and beta-catenin protein in the early placenta of cows with SCNT and normal insemination, therefore, the role of Wnt signaling pathway in the early formation and development of bovine placenta should be further understood and studied.