北方地区大型钟楼式奶牛舍空气环境的评价

试验对北方地区某大型钟楼式奶牛舍一年内不同季节舍内、外的空气环境指标，包括温热环境指标、CO₂和NH₃含量、空气中的粉尘和微生物含量进行测定，旨在了解其变化规律，评价其是否满足奶牛健康生产的要求，以便为北方地区奶牛舍的设计和日常管理提供理论依据。结果表明，所测指标随季节或时间均呈现出一定的变化规律；所监测奶牛舍夏季舍内风速低于标准，中午（14∶00）舍内温度超过27 ℃，温湿指数（THI）>69，奶牛在夏季产生轻度的热应激；除此以外，在不同时间、不同位点监测的其他各项空气环境指标均符合奶牛的饲养标准。综合测定结果，试验所监测的钟楼式奶牛舍较适合北方地区的奶牛养殖，但建议增加防暑降温措施，以减少奶牛在夏季产生的热应激。

Evaluation on Air Environment of a Large Tower Type Cowshed for Dairy Cattle in Northern China

In this study, the air environment quality indicators of a large tower type cowshed for dairy cattle in North China were monitored and evaluated at all seasons of one year, including the indicators of thermal environment, the content of ammonia (NH₃), carbon dioxide (CO₂), microbe and the dust in the air. The objective was to study the change rules of the mentioned indicators, to evaluate whether this type of cowshed could meet the production requirements, and to provide theoretical basis for the design and daily management of the cowshed in the Northern region of China. The results showed that all the indicators mentioned above varied with seasons and time to some extent. The wind speed inside was below the standard of dairy cattle cowshed in summer, and the temperature in 14∶00 of summer was above 27 ℃, and THI was beyond 69, so the dairy cattle suffered slight heat stress in summer. The other air environment quality indicators monitored in any time and any space all met the standard. In conclusion, the tower type cowshed monitored was suitable for dairy cattle in North China, but some facilities should be added to decrease the temperature and the heat stress in summer.