深县猪保种群遗传多样性简化监测方法研究

为建立深县猪种群多样性监测的简化指标体系，试验采集河北省深县猪4个世代179头猪样本，采用联合国粮农组织和国际动物遗传协会联合推荐的27个微卫星标记进行群体遗传多样性分析，对27个微卫星标记进行两阶段、多梯度抽样，并根据抽样群体和总群体的多态信息含量（PIC）值的变化确定适宜抽样微卫星位点数，再以4个世代样本进行验证。结果表明，选取8个微卫星位点时与全部位点的比较相对偏差可控制在5%以内，且以各分世代的验证比较相对偏差在10%左右，通过比较确定以S0155、S0228、SW632、S0090、CGA、S0101、S0227、SW122这8个微卫星位点构成的简化指标体系可较好地反映深县猪种群遗传多样性的变化。因此，深县猪的保种群群体遗传多样性监测可以简化为检测这8个微卫星位点，同时本研究采用的方法也可为其他保种群的遗传多样性监测方法的简化处理提供参考。

Study on Simplified Monitoring Method of Genetic Diversity for Shenxian Pig Conservation Population

In order to establish a simple detecting index system for the genetic diversity of Shen-xian pig population, 179 samples in 4 generations of Shenxian pigs were collected,and the population genetic diversity were detected using 27 microsatellite markers which were jointly recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). 2-stage and multi-gradient sampling were conducted to the 27 microsatellite markers. The suitable number of microsatellite loci was determined according to the comparation of the polymorphic information content (PIC) of the sampled groups and total population,then validated with 4 generations of samples. The results showed that the relative deviation value PIC of eight microsatellite markers was no more than 5% comparing with all markers, and the relative deviation was about 10% in the different generations. 8 microsatellite markers including S0155, S0228, SW632, S0090, CGA, S0101, S0227 and SW122 constituted the final simplified index system, which could represent the changes of genetic diversity in Shenxian pig conservation population. Therefore, the genetic diversity monitoring of the population of Shenxian pig could be simplified to detect the eight microsatellite markers. At the same time, the method used in this study could also provide a reference for the simplified treatment of genetic diversity monitoring methods.