胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及饲料降解率的影响

试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及日粮养分降解率的影响。选用4头平均体重为（350±15）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛，釆用4×4拉丁方设计，设1个对照组、3个试验组：对照组（CON组）饲喂基础日粮，LO组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油；LOM组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸；LOMS组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸+47.5 g/d小苏打（NaHCO3）。在正试期第3、4天采集瘤胃液测定其脂肪酸含量，在正试期第5、6天采用尼龙袋法测定饲料在瘤胃内的降解率。结果显示：除了饲喂后6 h瘤胃t11-C18：1含量外，3个试验组在各个时间点的瘤胃各脂肪酸含量均显著高于CON组（P<0.05），且3个试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；与CON组相比，LO组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有所降低，但LOM和LOMS组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有一定程度提高。综合以上结果，日粮中单独或同时添加胡麻油、苹果酸均有利于提高延边黄牛瘤胃液中的脂肪酸含量；日粮中单独添加胡麻油会降低日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率，而同时添加胡麻油和苹果酸在一定程度上可提高日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率。

Effect of Linseed Oil and Malic Acid on Rumen Fatty Acid Metabolism and Feed Degradation Rate of Yanbian Yellow Cattle

This experiment was conducted to study the impact of adding linseed oil and malic acid on rumen fatty acid metabolism and feed degradation rate in Yanbian Yellow cattle. 4 Yanbian Yellow cattle weighted (350±15) kg, and fitted with permanent rumen fistula were used as 4×4 Latin square design. The cattle in control group (CON group) were fed basal diet, in LO group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil, in LOM group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil and 160 g/d malic acid, in LOMS group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d sesame oil, 160 g/d malic acid and 47.5 g/d NaHCO₃. In the third and fourth day during the test period, rumen fluid was collected and measured for fatty acids. In the fifth and sixth day, nylon bag method was adopted to determine the feed degradation rate in the rumen. The results showed that the contents of the rumen fatty acids in three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the CON group (P<0.05), excepted the contents of t11-C18:1 at 6 h. Compared with CON group, the rumen degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LO group were all reduced. Compared with LO group, degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LOM and LOMS groups were improved in a certain extent. The results showed that dietary linseed oil and malic acid would increase the rumen fluid fatty acids in Yanbian Yellow cattle. Linseed Oil had a trend to decline the feed degradation rate in the rumen, but the trend was opposite when combined with malic acid.