凤仙花植株乙醇浸提液和固体粉剂对瘤胃体外发酵代谢参数的影响

本研究旨在分析凤仙花整株制备的固体粉剂和乙醇浸提液对瘤胃体外代谢参数和降甲烷效果的影响。采集装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的牛瘤胃液,以稻草粉、玉米粉和黄豆粉为人工饲料,通过体外瘤胃模拟培养法,研究了固体粉剂和乙醇浸提液不同添加量(0.5%,1.0%和2.5%)对甲烷和二氧化碳气体产生以及瘤胃发酵代谢参数挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和微生物蛋白(MCP)等影响。结果表明,凤仙花固体粉剂处理在瘤胃发酵中总产气量最高,其次为乙醇浸提液,莫能菌素处理最低(P＜0.05)。凤仙花和莫能菌素处理均能降低甲烷生成,其中固体粉剂处理效果最明显,仅有微量甲烷。莫能菌素处理中二氧化碳含量最低,凤仙花所有处理显著提高二氧化碳含量。莫能菌素和凤仙花降低氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量,随着凤仙花添加量增加,NH₃-N降低更明显。莫能菌素处理中MCP含量最低,凤仙花所有处理都高于莫能菌素和对照,固体粉剂处理的MCP提高效果最明显。莫能菌素处理降低乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量,提高丙酸含量。凤仙花处理不同程度提高瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量,总挥发性脂肪酸平均比对照高12.9%和20.2%。莫能菌素和凤仙花处理都降低乙酸/丙酸。在体外培养条件下,凤仙花明显降低甲烷生成,促进NH₃-N向MCP转化,改变了瘤胃代谢模式。

Effects of plant solid powder and ethanol extract of Impatiens balsamina on microbial metabolic parameters during in vitro rumen fermentation

The effects of Impatiens balsamina preparations, including ethanol extracts and plant solid powder (0.5%, 1.0% and 2.5%), on methane production and metabolic parameters of cattle rumen microorganisms were studied in vitro. Forages with straw 0.90 g, corn 0.45 g and soybean 0.15 g (1 mm screen) were transported in 250 mL serum bottles containing 200 mL liquid (artificial saliva and ruminal liquor in a 2∶1), and incubated at 39℃. Total gas production by the original plant solid powder was the highest, monensin treatments the lowest, and ethanol extracts were intermediate. Although the treatments of both I. balsamina and monensin reduced methane production, it was lowest in the original plant solid powder treatments. Monensin treatments reduced carbon dioxide production while I. balsamina increased it. Furthermore, the treatments of I. balsamina preparations and monensin reduced ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), and as I. balsamina contents increased, ammonium nitrogen production decreased. The MCP of monensin treatments was the least, while those of original plant solid powder treatments (S1, S2, S3) were significantly higher than that of the control and monensin treatments. Monensin treatments reduced the contents of acetate and total volatile fatty acid but increased propionate. Treatments of I. balsamina increased the volatile fatty acids contents,and compared with that of the control, the volatile fatty acids contents of ethanol extracts and original plant solid powder were increased by 12.9% and 20.2%, respectively. Moreover, the treatments of monensin and I. balsamina reduced the ratio of acetate to propionate. In conclusion, I. balsamina could reduce methane emissions, promote the conversion of NH₃-N to MCP, improve the metabolic model of in vitro rumen fermentation. The solid powder of I. balsamina was the most effective preparation.