奶牛养殖场环境微生物群落结构及多样性研究

为了研究奶牛养殖场部分环境因素与奶牛乳房处的细菌多样性和差异性,将分别取自牛乳房擦拭样品(C1)、榨乳设备(E)、粪便(F)、冲洗和养殖饮用水(W)、生乳运输罐(E2) 5种样本的6个生物学重复共计30个样品使用基于16SrRNA (V3～V4区)的高通量测序技术,并采用生物信息学的方法分析了不同来源样本的细菌群落结构...

Analysis of the diversity and community structure of environmental microbes in dairy farms

The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of and differences in environmental microbes at the breast of dairy cows and in the dairy farm environment. A total of six biological repeats of 30 samples were collected from five sources, i.e. cow breast wipings(C1), milking equipment(E), feces(F), breeding water(W) and raw milk transport tanks(E2). The bacterial community structures, the predominant bacteria at each taxonomic level and the alpha diversity of the 30 samples were studied by the high-throughput sequencing technology based on 16 S rRNA(the v3-v4 regions) and the bioinformatics method. The results were that a total of 1 640 803 reads were obtained and clustered into 26 337 OTUs. These OTUs were annotated into 35 phyla, 79 classes, 119 orders, 127 families, 436 genera and 210 species. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria. In particular, the proportion of Proteobacteria was 81.8% in the W samples;the dominant bacterial groups in C1 were similar to those in the E and F samples, with the highest abundance of Firmicutes, accounting for 32.4%, 44.7% and 53.4% of the total bacteria in each sample, respectively. Actinobacteria was 56.4% in the E2 samples. At the genus level, Acinetobacter and Corynebacterium causing dairy subclinic mastitis were the dominant genera of all the samples. It was found that E and C1 had the highest microbial similarity. Acinetobacter,Arthrobacter and Psychrobacter were the dominant bacterial groups of the two samples.The milking equipment was polluted by the environment or by contact with the cow’s breast,which led to cross transmission. The microbial communities among the samples had a high correlation,which provided theoretical basis for further research on the related production activities of dairy farms.